1. Site Preparation

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Questions and Answers

What are batter boards primarily used for in construction?

To support roofing materials during installation

As references during excavation and rough grading (correct)

To strengthen the foundation of a building

To permanently mark the dimensions of a structure

What materials are typically used to construct batter boards?

2'x4' stakes and 1'x6' lumber (correct)

Plastic sheets and wire frames

1'x4' wooden panels

3'x6' steel plates

When setting out batter boards, how far should the stakes be driven from the building line?

5 to 6 ft

1 to 2 ft

3 to 4 ft (correct)

7 to 8 ft

Which alternative method is mentioned for setting out right angles or perpendicular lines?

Perpendicular Offsets using Optical Square and Prism square Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the crosspiece in batter boards?

To support stretched cords marking the outline Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is FALSE regarding batter boards?

They are permanent structures used for marking Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of site preparation in construction?

To clear the area of obstructions Signup and view all the answers

Which equipment is primarily used for leveling and clearing land?

Bulldozer Signup and view all the answers

In the context of site preparation, what does stripping refer to?

Removal of organic materials from the topsoil Signup and view all the answers

Which method of land clearing involves controlled burning?

Burning Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a mulcher in site preparation?

To mulch and return vegetation to the ground Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of the 'cut and grind' land clearing method?

Stumps are left in the ground Signup and view all the answers

What type of vegetation is primarily removed during the clearing stage of site preparation?

All vegetation including trees, brush, and rubbish Signup and view all the answers

Which factor determines whether topsoil should be stripped from a construction site?

Strength and composition comparison to underlying soil Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding the method of pushing over trees during site preparation?

It requires minimal heavy equipment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of surveying in the context of construction?

To locate and mark the boundaries of the structure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key measurement in the 3-4-5 method used in construction?

$3$ units for the short side Signup and view all the answers

Which piece of equipment is often confused with power shovels?

Excavator Signup and view all the answers

What does the scraper equipment primarily do?

Move earth over short distances Signup and view all the answers

How can the accuracy of a rectangular stakeout be verified?

By measuring its diagonals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a loader in construction?

To move or load various materials Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about backhoe loaders is true?

They consist of both a front bucket and a backhoe. Signup and view all the answers

In site surveying, what type of markers are commonly used to denote boundaries?

Physical markers like stakes or pins Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary characteristics of the rectangular stakeout method?

It uses diagonal measurements for accuracy. Signup and view all the answers

Which equipment is specifically designed to transport loads to a designated area and dump them?

Scraper Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Site Preparation Definitions

Site preparation involves clearing, grubbing, stripping, and demolishing existing structures.
Clearing involves removing all vegetation, debris, and obstacles from the site.
Grubbing focuses on removing surface boulders and embedded materials.
Stripping removes organic materials like sod, topsoil, and grass roots from designated areas.

Clearing Equipment

Bulldozers are essential for leveling and clearing land on large projects.
Mulchers are environmentally friendly, grinding vegetation into mulch and returning it to the ground.

Land Clearing Methods

Pushover involves using heavy equipment to push trees over, roots intact.
Cut and Grind cuts down trees, leaving stumps to be ground or removed.
Burning is a controlled fire method that can be hazardous, burning vegetation to the ground.

Site Surveying and Building Stakeout

Surveying establishes the building's boundaries using physical markers.
Building Stakeout identifies and marks the main horizontal control points of the building, including corner points and intersections.

3-4-5 Method for Squaring Corners

Ensures 90-degree corners by applying the Pythagorean theorem (a^2 + b^2 = c^2) to a right-angled triangle.
A triangle with sides of 3, 4, and 5 units will have a right angle opposite the 5-unit side.

Excavator

A heavy construction machine with a boom, dipper, bucket, and a rotating platform (house).
Often mistaken for power shovels.

Scraper

Moves earth over short distances on smooth ground.
Transports loads to designated areas.

Loader

Used to move and load various materials like asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, snow, gravel, logs, etc.

Backhoe Loader

Larger than a backhoe.
Features a bucket at the front and a backhoe or rear actor at the back.
Consists of a digging bucket on a two-part articulated arm.

Rectangular Stakeout Accuracy

The accuracy of a rectangle stakeout can be checked by measuring its diagonals.

Batter Boards

Temporary devices used as references for initial excavation and rough grading.
Support stretched cords marking the outline and grade of the structure.
Built with 2x4 stakes and a crosspiece of 1x6 lumber.

Perpendicular Offsets Method

An alternative to setting out right angles or perpendicular lines using an Optical Square and Prism Square.
Stakes are driven 3-4 feet away from the building line to avoid disturbance during construction.

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Module 2 - Building Construction - Building Technology (Atlas)