Sistema Genitourinario en Animales Menores

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Questions and Answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes es una causa no infecciosa de la FLUTD en gatos?

  • Virus del herpes felino
  • Urolitos (correct)
  • Cistitis bacteriana
  • Escherichia coli

¿Cuál de los siguientes factores de riesgo está asociado principalmente con la FLUTD?

  • Alto consumo de agua
  • Machos de 1-10 años (correct)
  • Vida al aire libre
  • Dieta rica en proteínas

¿Qué signo clínico es característico de la cistitis idiopática felina?

  • Micciones frecuentes (correct)
  • Estranguria
  • Poliaquiuria
  • Obstrucción uretral

Cuál de las siguientes es una opción de tratamiento para una infección del tracto urinario (ITU)?

<p>Fluidoterapia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué microorganismo es el más comúnmente asociado con las infecciones del tracto urinario en gatos?

<p>Escherichia coli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es la característica principal de la injuria renal aguda?

<p>Pérdida súbita y reversible de la función renal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué síntoma es común en la enfermedad renal crónica?

<p>Pérdida de peso (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes es una causa prerrenal de la injuria renal aguda?

<p>Insuficiencia cardíaca (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué término se refiere a la presencia de pus en la orina?

<p>Piuria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de estas afirmaciones es verdadera sobre la oliguria?

<p>Es una reducción del volumen urinario a menos de 0,5 ml/kg/hora (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué procedimiento implica la extracción de un cálculo del sistema urinario?

<p>Litotomía (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es una de las principales causas comunes de enfermedad renal crónica?

<p>Edad avanzada (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué método se utiliza para diagnosticar la injuria renal aguda?

<p>Análisis de sangre y orina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es el objetivo de la clasificación IRIS para la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC)?

<p>Proporcionar directrices sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la ERC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué característica distingue a la pielonefritis ascendente de la descendente?

<p>La pielonefritis descendente está relacionada con infecciones en el riñón desde un punto lejano (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál no es un signo clínico típico de la urolitiasis?

<p>Vómitos (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes opciones representa un tratamiento adecuado para la fase crónica de la enfermedad renal?

<p>Fluidoterapia y control de fósforo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué tipo de cálculos urinarios es común en los dálmatas?

<p>Urato amónico (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es la causa de las glomerulopatías en gatos?

<p>Leucemia viral (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes opciones describe mejor el tratamiento inicial para la pielonefritis?

<p>Antibióticos específicos basados en cultivo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué prueba se considera el 'gold standard' para el diagnóstico de pielonefritis?

<p>Pielocentesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hematuria

Presence of blood in the urine.

Anuria

Absence of urine production.

Oliguria

Reduced urine volume (< 0.5 ml/kg/hour).

Renal Injury (Acute)

Sudden, reversible loss of kidney function.

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Renal Injury (Chronic)

Progressive, slow loss of kidney function over months.

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Azotemia

High levels of urea and creatinine in the blood, usually due to kidney failure.

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Prerrenal Injury

Kidney injury caused by low blood flow to the kidneys.

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Postrenal Injury

Kidney injury due to a blockage in urine outflow.

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Acute Kidney Disease Treatment

Focuses on removing the primary cause and providing sustained treatment.

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Treatment aims to slow progression with fluid therapy, pain relief, vasodilators (for high blood pressure), and phosphorus control.

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IRIS Classification for CKD

Classifies kidney disease based on severity to tailor treatments, aims to provide guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of CKD.

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Pyelonephritis

Inflammation and infection of the kidney pelvis and adjacent tissues; often starts with lower urinary tract symptoms (dysuria, stranguria, pollakiuria) followed by systemic signs (lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain).

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Urolithiasis

Formation of stones in the urinary tract (urethra, bladder).

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Glomerulopathies

Kidney diseases affecting the glomeruli.

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Urolithiasis Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves urinalysis and imaging studies (x-rays and ultrasound).

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Pyelonephritis Treatment

Treatment includes specific antibiotics (based on culture and sensitivity) and may range from outpatient to intensive care unit (ICU) based on the patient's condition.

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FLUTD in Cats

Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) is a disorder affecting a cat's lower urinary tract, characterized by various signs like painful urination, blood in urine, and in male cats, urinary blockage.

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FLUTD Causes (Non-Infectious)

Non-infectious causes of FLUTD include urinary stones (uroliths) and bladder inflammation (cystitis) with no known infection.

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Feline Idiopathic Cystitis

Chronic bladder inflammation in cats without a clear cause.

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UTI in Cats

Infections of the urinary tract in cats, where bacteria multiply in the urinary system.

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UTI Signs (Lower vs Higher)

Lower UTI: Painful urination, blood in urine, frequent urination. Higher UTI: Systemic (body-wide) symptoms, beyond urinary symptoms (e.g. fever) appear.

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Study Notes

Sistema Genitourinario en Animales Menores

  • Hematuria: Presence of blood in the urine. Persistent or intense hematuria requires investigation.
  • Anuria: Absence of urine output.
  • Oliguria: Reduced urine volume, less than 0.5 ml/kg/hour.
  • Polaquiuria: Increased frequency of urination.
  • Poliuria: Excessive urine volume.
  • Piuria: Presence of pus in the urine.
  • Proteinuria: Presence of proteins in the urine.
  • Estranguria: Urination in small amounts.
  • Azotemia: Elevated urea and creatinine in the blood, due to kidney failure. This involves increased concentration of non-protein nitrogenous substances.
  • Litogénico: Capable of forming or producing calculi (stones).
  • Litolisis: Dissolution of calculi.
  • Litotomía: Removal of a calculus from the urinary system (from urethra, ureter, pelvis, or kidney).
  • Cistectomía: Partial or complete removal of the bladder.
  • Cistotomía: Opening of the bladder.

Enfermedades Renales

  • Injury Renal Acute (IRA): Sudden and reversible loss of kidney function.

  • Etiology (Causes):

    • Prerrenal: Reduced blood flow to the kidneys (e.g., heart failure, bleeding).
    • Renal: Problems within the kidney tissue (e.g., inflammation, infections).
    • Postrenal: Obstruction of urine outflow (e.g., stones, tumors).
  • Clinical Signs (Symptoms): Loss of appetite, dehydration, vomiting, abdominal pain.

  • Diagnosis:

    • Physical exam
    • Blood chemistry
    • Urinalysis
    • Ultrasound
  • Treatment: Identifying and treating the underlying cause, fluid replacement, and correcting electrolyte imbalances.

  • Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Progressive and slow loss of kidney function over at least three months.

  • Common Causes: Old age, genetic predisposition, exposure to toxins.

  • Clinical Signs (Symptoms): Weight loss, increased urination, increased thirst, loss of appetite.

  • Diagnosis:

    • History
    • Physical Exam
    • Complete blood count (CBC)
    • Serum Biochemistry Profile (including blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine)
    • Urinalysis
    • Ultrasound
  • Treatment: Slowing disease progression, fluid therapy, pain relief, and regulating phosphate and potassium levels.

Other Specific Renal and Urinary Tract Conditions

  • Pyelonephritis: Inflammation and infection of the renal pelvis and surrounding tissues. Usually follows a lower urinary tract infection, with systemic(general) illness.

  • Urolithiasis: Formation of stones in the urinary tract (urethra, bladder). Cause by metabolic conditions, leading to crystal formation. Possible pain, frequent urination, blood in the urine.

  • Glomerulopathies: Diseases affecting the glomeruli (filtering units) of the kidneys. Causes varied, including infections or immune system disorders. Clinical signs often involve protein in the urine and sometimes a nephrotic syndrome.

  • Feline Idiopathic Cystitis: Chronic bladder inflammation in cats, without an identifiable cause. A likely cause of the inflammation is stress. Often, the only treatment is lifestyle changes and possibly medical intervention.

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