Questions and Answers
What was the primary objective of the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851?
Who led the Colorado militia during the Sand Creek Massacre?
What sparked the Fetterman Massacre?
Which of the following was a result of Grant’s Peace Policy?
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What was the outcome of the Medicine Lodge Creek Treaty of 1867 for the Comanche?
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Which war was primarily associated with Red Cloud leading the Indians against white settlers?
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Who were the prominent Lakota Sioux leaders during the Black Hills War?
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What event is the Battle of Little Big Horn closely associated with?
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Study Notes
Sioux and Cheyenne Resistance
- Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851: Established extensive lands for tribes, restricting white settlement in the upper Great Plains.
- Pikes Peak Gold Rush (1858): Influx of white miners in Colorado led to violent clashes with Native tribes.
- Renegotiated Treaty: Only some tribes consented, resulting in significant land loss for the Sioux and Cheyenne, leading to ongoing resistance.
Sand Creek Massacre
- Attacked by Militia: Colonel John Chivington led a Colorado militia raid on peaceful Cheyenne camps in 1864.
- Peaceful Invitation: Cheyenne chiefs were invited to Fort Lyon for negotiations but were ambushed; most victims were women and children, who were killed and mutilated.
Fetterman Massacre
- Montana Gold Rush (1863): Attracted settlers along the Bozeman Trail, diverging from the Oregon Trail, leading to treaty violations.
- Red Cloud's War: Led by Lakota Sioux chief Red Cloud against white settlers; culminated in the ambush and death of Captain William J. Fetterman’s troops in 1866.
- New Treaty of 1868: Resulted in a smaller Great Sioux Reservation with promises to prevent white encroachment.
Comanche Resistance
- Medicine Lodge Creek Treaty (1867): General William T. Sherman negotiated the Comanche's placement on reservations; however, many still chose to leave for hunting and raiding.
- War Against the US (1871-73): Led by Chief Quanah Parker, who eventually surrendered and transitioned to living on a reservation.
Grant’s Peace Policy
- Presidential Initiative: President Ulysses S. Grant aimed to improve conditions on reservations by removing military oversight and corrupt agents, replacing them with Christian missionaries.
- Ely S. Parker: First Native American appointed as the head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, previously a Civil War secretary to Grant.
- Continued Tensions: By the 1870s, conflicts escalated into what was termed the Great Plains War.
Black Hills War
- Context of Conflict: A segment of the Great Plains War fueled by the Black Hills Gold Rush in 1875, breaching the Great Sioux Reservation.
- Key Leaders: Lakota Sioux leaders included Sitting Bull, a renowned warrior and shaman, and Crazy Horse, known for his military prowess.
Battle of Little Bighorn
- George A. Custer: Pivotal figure in the battle against the Lakota and Cheyenne, symbolizing the fierce resistance of Native tribes against U.S. military forces.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Sioux and Cheyenne resistance against white settlers, focusing on events like the Fort Laramie Treaty, Sand Creek Massacre, and the Fetterman Massacre. Explore the impact of the Pikes Peak Gold Rush and subsequent conflicts that fueled ongoing resistance.
