12 Questions
What are the different successional stages in ecological succession?
Pioneer species, primary and secondary species, climax community
Name some abiotic factors that can affect ecosystems.
Abiotic factors can include temperature, water availability, sunlight, soil composition, etc.
List some processes involved in energy flow within ecosystems.
Photosynthesis, decomposition, respiration, food chains
What are some forces that drive changes over time in evolution?
Natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, migration, founder effect, bottleneck effect
What evidence supports the theory of common descent?
Shared derived characters, similarities among taxonomical groups, molecular evidence
Explain the concept of speciation events.
Speciation events lead to the formation of new species.
What are some components of a typical animal cell's structure?
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosome, peroxisome, vacuoles, chloroplasts, plastids, leucoplasts, melanosomes, centriole, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, cytokinesis, microtubules, and microvilli
What types of cells lack a nucleus and are considered prokaryotic?
Bacteria and archaea
What are some examples of phenotypes related to genetic variation in populations?
Blood group types, hair color, skin color, eye shape, and baldness
What does population genetics study in terms of genetic variation?
Allele frequency in genes and phenotypes
What is the term for the expression of traits varying between dominance, codominance, and complete recessiveness?
Mendelian inheritance
What is the term for the process of genetic material exchange between homologous chromosomes during meiosis?
Crossing over
Study Notes
In Grade 10 Science 2 of the Singapore secondary school curriculum, students study Biology with a focus on various aspects such as cell structure, population genetics, ecological succession, and evolution. Here is some more information about these concepts:
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Cell Structure (Unit A: Cells) includes learning how living organisms are made up of cells and their structures. Students will learn about prokaryotic cells like bacteria and archaea, which lack a nucleus, along with the DNA containing eukaryotic cells found in plants and animals. They also explore the specialized functions of different parts of a typical animal cell's plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosome, peroxisome, vacuoles, chloroplasts, plastids, leucoplasts, melanosomes, centriole, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, cytokinesis, microtubules, and microvilli.
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Population Genetics (Unit B: Diversity) involves understanding genetic variation within populations, including allele frequency in genes and phenotypes like blood group types, hair color, skin color, eye shape, and baldness. Students learn about traits expressed by individuals varying between dominance, codominance, complete recessiveness, multiple alleles, heterozygosity, homozygosity, purifying selection, and balancing selection. They also cover Mendelian inheritance and gene mutations.
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Ecological Succession (Unit C: Ecosystems) introduces successional stages from pioneer species, through primary and secondary species, to climax community, each leaving its own niche behind after dying out. This unit teaches students about ecosystem stability, abiotic factors affecting ecosystems, and energy flow through photosynthesis, decomposition, respiration, and food chains. They also study nutrient cycling and soil formation.
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Evolution (Unit D: Change Over Time) covers changes over time due to natural selection and other forces like random drift, genetic drift, gene flow, migration, founder effect, bottleneck effect, speciation events, extinction of a group in isolation, adaptation, radiation, selective sweeps, artificial selection, and hybridization. Additionally, they examine evidence for common descent through shared derived characters, similarities among distantly related taxonomical groups, and molecular evidence based on amino acid sequences, protein function, chromosomal rearrangements, and phylogenetic trees.
These key ideas form the basis of a comprehensive understanding of biological processes, providing a strong foundation for future studies in science education.
Test your knowledge on cell structure, population genetics, ecological succession, and evolution concepts covered in Singapore's Grade 10 Science 2 curriculum. Explore topics like prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, genetic variation, ecosystem stability, and evolutionary mechanisms.
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