27 Questions
Which type of cells has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?
Eukaryotic cells
What is the major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA?
Prokaryotic DNA is circular without proteins, while eukaryotic DNA is linear with proteins
Which type of cell division involves mitosis or meiosis?
Eukaryotic cell division
What provides motility in prokaryotic cells?
Rigid rotating flagellum made by flagellin
Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
S phase
What holds the two polynucleotide strands together in a DNA double helix?
Hydrogen bonds between sugar and phosphate groups
What is the function of topoisomerase during DNA replication?
Preventing overwinding of the DNA strands
'Euchromatin' and 'heterochromatin' refer to different levels of what?
DNA compaction and accessibility
Which nucleotide is present in RNA but not in DNA?
Uracil (U)
What limits the number of times DNA can be replicated?
Telomeres shortening at each replication
Which enzyme catalyzes the attachment of complementary bases during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
What is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?
Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, while eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S.
During DNA replication, which enzyme prevents the overwinding of the DNA strands?
Topoisomerase
What is the main reason DNA needs to be packed into molecules?
To protect against damage and fit into the cell
Which phase of the cell cycle involves cells increasing in size and organelles replication?
G2 Phase
What is the primary function of a nucleosome in DNA structure?
Package DNA into a condensed structure
Which type of cells have a rigid rotating flagellum for motility?
Prokaryotic cells
What is a characteristic that is unique to eukaryotic DNA compared to prokaryotic DNA?
Linear DNA with proteins to create chromatins
In the context of cell reproduction, what is a key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Binary fission vs. mitosis/meiosis
Which phase of the cell cycle involves the replication of DNA?
S phase
What is a key component of DNA that is involved in binding complementary bases together?
Sugar-phosphate backbone
What is a role of topoisomerase during DNA replication?
Prevent overwinding of strands
Which type of cells have a flexible waving cilia for motility?
Eukaryotic cells
What is the major difference in the structure of chromatin between euchromatin and heterochromatin?
Euchromatin is loosely packed, while heterochromatin is tightly packed.
What is the maximum amount of time that DNA can be replicated known as?
Hayflick's limit
What is the function of histones in relation to DNA structure?
To organize the genome
What does the process of initiation involve during DNA replication?
DNA going back to the region of replication at the fork
Explore the key similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including their cellular composition, energy usage, reproduction mechanisms, and genetic characteristics. Learn about the unique features that distinguish these two types of cells.
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