29 Questions
Which structure forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?
External oblique aponeurosis
Where do the inferior epigastric vessels lie in relation to the deep ring of the inguinal canal?
At the medial edge
What is transmitted through the inguinal canal in females?
Round ligament
Which nerve lies in the spermatic cord within the inguinal canal?
Ilio-inguinal nerve
What forms when a portion of peritoneum is dragged with the testis during its descent to the scrotum?
Tunica vaginalis
What may persist if the processus vaginalis does not completely obliterate during development?
Hernia-hydrocele complex
What is a hernia?
A protrusion of a viscus or part of a viscus into an abnormal position
What is a Richter's hernia?
A hernia where only part of the bowel circumference is caught in the sac
What is the typical complaint of a patient with an external hernia?
Swelling that increases with exercise
When are hernias said to be reducible?
When the contents spontaneously return to the abdomen
What is a common cause of acquired hernias?
Obesity
What is the recommended treatment for an umbilical hernia according to the text?
Advise for surgical operation
What type of hernia is seen in older children around the umbilicus?
Para-umbilical hernia
What occurs in a true umbilical hernia?
Seen in infants due to congenital weakness
In which patients is a para-umbilical hernia often found?
Overweight middle-aged females
What should be done if a strangulated femoral hernia is detected?
Operate urgently
What is the midline defect repaired by when treating an umbilical hernia in infants?
With 2-3 sutures
What are some signs of strangulation in a patient with a hernia?
All of the above
What is the essential treatment for strangulation in a patient with a hernia?
Emergency operation
How can gangrenous bowel be identified during surgery?
It is purple and flaccid, loses its sheen, and does not exhibit peristalsis
What should be done after releasing the constricting ring during hernia surgery?
Assess the bowel viability after allowing it to rest under warm, moist towels
What imaging technique may show dilated bowel and air/fluid levels in a patient with suspected intestinal obstruction?
Abdominal X-ray
Which of the following is not a sign of strangulation in a patient with a hernia?
Increased bowel sounds
What is advised for an adult with a congenital indirect sac hernia?
Perform a prophylactic posterior wall repair
Why is it recommended to perform a prophylactic posterior wall repair in adults with hernias?
To strengthen the medial part of the posterior wall of the canal
Where does the femoral hernia sac lie?
In the proximal part of the femoral canal
What is the function of the femoral canal?
To allow expansion of the vein during increased blood flow from the leg
Why are femoral hernias more common in women than in men?
Due to anatomical differences and structures around the femoral ring
How are femoral hernias usually treated?
Surgically through dissection of the sac, emptying, and amputation
Learn about the signs of strangulation in patients with hernias, including onset of pain, irreducibility, systemic upset, vomiting, and colicky abdominal pain. Recognize symptoms such as tachycardia, raised temperature, tense and tender hernia, and reddened skin over the hernia.
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