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Signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus type 2 are: Polyuria (increased peeing) , Polydipsia (Thirsty) (if you are constantly peeing, you're going to feel constantly thirsty), Polyphagia (hunger), glycosuria (sugar in your urine), unexplained weight loss, Fatigue and blurred vision.
Signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus type 2 are: Polyuria (increased peeing) , Polydipsia (Thirsty) (if you are constantly peeing, you're going to feel constantly thirsty), Polyphagia (hunger), glycosuria (sugar in your urine), unexplained weight loss, Fatigue and blurred vision.
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what is polyuria?
what is polyuria?
what is polydipsia?
what is polydipsia?
what is polyphagia?
what is polyphagia?
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what is glycosuria?
what is glycosuria?
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in Type 1 DM, the patient doesn't make any insulin. it is genetic and less than 10% of all DM cases are type 1
in Type 1 DM, the patient doesn't make any insulin. it is genetic and less than 10% of all DM cases are type 1
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Type 2 DM is 90% of all DM cases and is due to poor diet and lifestyle
Type 2 DM is 90% of all DM cases and is due to poor diet and lifestyle
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which are the two major complications of both types of diabetes? ______________ & ______________ which are also known as atherosclerotic plaque & capillary damage.
which are the two major complications of both types of diabetes? ______________ & ______________ which are also known as atherosclerotic plaque & capillary damage.
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Macrovasular (atherosclerotic plaque consists of plaque build up in which arteries?
Macrovasular (atherosclerotic plaque consists of plaque build up in which arteries?
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Microvascular or capillary damage in DM can include which of the following?
Microvascular or capillary damage in DM can include which of the following?
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Non-pharmacologic treatment for type 2 DM is weightloss , improved dietary habits smoking cessation, reduced alcohol consumption and regular physical exercise.
Non-pharmacologic treatment for type 2 DM is weightloss , improved dietary habits smoking cessation, reduced alcohol consumption and regular physical exercise.
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What is the difference between A1C and fasting blood glucose
What is the difference between A1C and fasting blood glucose
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The goal is to have an HbA1C of less than 7% after the patient has already been diagnosed.
The goal is to have an HbA1C of less than 7% after the patient has already been diagnosed.
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the fasting blood glucose goal for a Diabetic patient is 80-130mg/Dl
the fasting blood glucose goal for a Diabetic patient is 80-130mg/Dl
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Afrezza is an inhaled-rapid-acting medication with a peak of 12-15 mins and must be given in conjunction with long-acting insulins or oral diabetic agents. It is for Type 2 DM but has a BLACK BOX WARNING regarding the risk of acute bronchospasm.
Afrezza is an inhaled-rapid-acting medication with a peak of 12-15 mins and must be given in conjunction with long-acting insulins or oral diabetic agents. It is for Type 2 DM but has a BLACK BOX WARNING regarding the risk of acute bronchospasm.
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Insulin syringes are ALL orange and say "units" at the bottom near the plunger
Insulin syringes are ALL orange and say "units" at the bottom near the plunger
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bigunaides refer to metformin and is a type of medication that helps lower blood sugar for people with type 2 diabetes. it is a FIRST LINE drug and works by decreasing the production of GLUCOSE/intestinal absorption of glucose. ADVERSE EFFECTS include GI abdominal bleeding , cramping, feeling of fullness...Also can have a rare adverse effect called LACTIC ACIDOSIS (not dka) AND IT IS LETHAL IF IT OCCURS. contraindications include renal or hepatic disease- check BUN, GFR and creatinine.
bigunaides refer to metformin and is a type of medication that helps lower blood sugar for people with type 2 diabetes. it is a FIRST LINE drug and works by decreasing the production of GLUCOSE/intestinal absorption of glucose. ADVERSE EFFECTS include GI abdominal bleeding , cramping, feeling of fullness...Also can have a rare adverse effect called LACTIC ACIDOSIS (not dka) AND IT IS LETHAL IF IT OCCURS. contraindications include renal or hepatic disease- check BUN, GFR and creatinine.
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Non-insulin antidiebtic drugs called Sulfonylureas that you shouldn't give to patients that have a sulfa allergy end in __________
Non-insulin antidiebtic drugs called Sulfonylureas that you shouldn't give to patients that have a sulfa allergy end in __________
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The following non insulin antidiabetic drug is a Sulfonylurea
The following non insulin antidiabetic drug is a Sulfonylurea
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Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors inhibit the enzyme alpha-glucosidase in the small intestine resulting in delayed glucose absorption. Ultimately controlling the post prandial hyperglycemia.
Medications include: Acarbose (precose) and Miglitol (Glyset)
Contraindications include certain bowel disorders that are flatulence, diarrhea, and abdominal pain
Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors inhibit the enzyme alpha-glucosidase in the small intestine resulting in delayed glucose absorption. Ultimately controlling the post prandial hyperglycemia.
Medications include: Acarbose (precose) and Miglitol (Glyset)
Contraindications include certain bowel disorders that are flatulence, diarrhea, and abdominal pain
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which medication has a BLACK BOX WARNING for the risk of developing thyroid C-Cell Tumors, Thyroid cancer and has adverse effects of rare hemorragic or necrotizing pancreatitis?
which medication has a BLACK BOX WARNING for the risk of developing thyroid C-Cell Tumors, Thyroid cancer and has adverse effects of rare hemorragic or necrotizing pancreatitis?
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The patient education for GLP-1 injectables is May experience weightloss 5-10 lbs, make sure where and how to administer injections
The patient education for GLP-1 injectables is May experience weightloss 5-10 lbs, make sure where and how to administer injections
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match the adverse effects to their medications
match the adverse effects to their medications
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FOR ALL medications educate patients to make diet and lifestyle changes as well as monitor levels and watch for signs of hypoglycemia (diabetic medications)
FOR ALL medications educate patients to make diet and lifestyle changes as well as monitor levels and watch for signs of hypoglycemia (diabetic medications)
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What is hypoglycemia?
What is hypoglycemia?
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Glucose-elevating drugs are drugs that are used in ACUTE hypoglycemic situations to RAISE blood sugar.
Oral forms include: Glucose buccal tabs and semisolid gel
IV Form: is 50% dextrose in water (D50W) or dextrose50
SUBQ form is: Glucagon
Glucose-elevating drugs are drugs that are used in ACUTE hypoglycemic situations to RAISE blood sugar.
Oral forms include: Glucose buccal tabs and semisolid gel IV Form: is 50% dextrose in water (D50W) or dextrose50 SUBQ form is: Glucagon
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The appropriate time to use glucose elevating drugs is with a conscious patient after you obtain a thorough medical history, vital signs, BGL, A1C, and review complications and drug interactions. The following is an available route and drug
The appropriate time to use glucose elevating drugs is with a conscious patient after you obtain a thorough medical history, vital signs, BGL, A1C, and review complications and drug interactions. The following is an available route and drug
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BEFORE administering any DM medications at all.. NURSING IMPLICATIONS INCLUDE:
-Obtain a thorough history
-Vital Signs
-Check blood glucose level,
-Check HbA1C level
-Check for potential complications and interactions
-Assess the patient's ability to consume food
-Assess for nausea and vomiting
(Hypoglycemia may be a problem if the antidiabetic drugs are given and the patient does not eat.
BEFORE administering any DM medications at all.. NURSING IMPLICATIONS INCLUDE: -Obtain a thorough history -Vital Signs -Check blood glucose level, -Check HbA1C level -Check for potential complications and interactions -Assess the patient's ability to consume food -Assess for nausea and vomiting (Hypoglycemia may be a problem if the antidiabetic drugs are given and the patient does not eat.
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If a patient is NPO for a test or procedure, consult the primary care provider to clarify orders for antidiabetic drug therapy
If a patient is NPO for a test or procedure, consult the primary care provider to clarify orders for antidiabetic drug therapy
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DM nursing implications for insulin should include:
-providing thorough patient education regarding self-administration of insulin injections, including the timing of doses, monitoring blood glucose levels, and injection site rotations
DM nursing implications for insulin should include: -providing thorough patient education regarding self-administration of insulin injections, including the timing of doses, monitoring blood glucose levels, and injection site rotations
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Nursing Implications on patient education for Oral Antidiabetic Drugs include:
-Assess for signs of hypoglycemia
-If hypoglycemia occurs:
**Administer oral form of glucose if the patient in CONSCIOUS
-Give the patient glucose tablets or gel. corn syrup, honey, fruit juice or non-diet soft drink or have the patient eat a small snack, such as crackers or half a sandwich.
-Deliver the IV D50W or SUBQ glucagon if the patient is unconscious.
-Monitor blood glucose levels
Nursing Implications on patient education for Oral Antidiabetic Drugs include:
-Assess for signs of hypoglycemia -If hypoglycemia occurs: **Administer oral form of glucose if the patient in CONSCIOUS -Give the patient glucose tablets or gel. corn syrup, honey, fruit juice or non-diet soft drink or have the patient eat a small snack, such as crackers or half a sandwich. -Deliver the IV D50W or SUBQ glucagon if the patient is unconscious. -Monitor blood glucose levels
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ACID Related diseases include:
ACID Related diseases include:
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Antacid's adverse effects are minimal but depend on the compound that is used. match the compounds with their adverse effects.
Antacid's adverse effects are minimal but depend on the compound that is used. match the compounds with their adverse effects.
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antacid patient education includes:
Avoid taking this medication if you have electrolyte issues or dehydration. They have constipating effects, given to patients with renal failure and often given with magnesium.
antacid patient education includes: Avoid taking this medication if you have electrolyte issues or dehydration. They have constipating effects, given to patients with renal failure and often given with magnesium.
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TUMS is an example of calcium carbonate
TUMS is an example of calcium carbonate
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Match the antacid terms
Match the antacid terms
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antacid contraindications are
antacid contraindications are
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Antacids help to neutralize/buffer the acid secretions
Antacids help to neutralize/buffer the acid secretions
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Histamine 2 (H2) receptor antagonists help suppress/reduce acid secretion in the stomach.
These medications include:
Cimetidine (Tagamet) (causes confusion / don't give to ELDERLY PATIENTS
Nizatidine (Axid)
Famotidine (Pepcid)
ALL end in "TIDINE"
Histamine 2 (H2) receptor antagonists help suppress/reduce acid secretion in the stomach. These medications include: Cimetidine (Tagamet) (causes confusion / don't give to ELDERLY PATIENTS Nizatidine (Axid) Famotidine (Pepcid)
ALL end in "TIDINE"
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H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS END IN _____________ and all SUPPRESS/REDUCE ACID SECRETIONS
H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS END IN _____________ and all SUPPRESS/REDUCE ACID SECRETIONS
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H2 adverse effects: Gynecomastia /man boobs and confuses elderly patients. For testing purposes, if an elderly patient is confused, you know it's H2 causing it.
H2 adverse effects: Gynecomastia /man boobs and confuses elderly patients. For testing purposes, if an elderly patient is confused, you know it's H2 causing it.
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Proton pump inhibitors BLOCK ACID.
These medications include:
-Lansoprazole (prevacid)
-Omeprazole (prilosec)
-Rabeprazole (AcipHex)
-Pantoprazole (Protonix)
-Esomeprazole (Nexium)
-Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant)
These medications all end in "Prazole"
Proton pump inhibitors BLOCK ACID.
These medications include: -Lansoprazole (prevacid) -Omeprazole (prilosec) -Rabeprazole (AcipHex) -Pantoprazole (Protonix) -Esomeprazole (Nexium) -Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant)
These medications all end in "Prazole"
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Proton Pump Inhibitors BLOCK ACID and end in ______________
Proton Pump Inhibitors BLOCK ACID and end in ______________
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PATIENT EDUCATION for Proton pump inhibitors include:
-If a patient is on warfarin, they will have an increased chance of bleeding
-Sucralfate, may delay the absorption of proton pump inhibitors
-Food may decrease the absorption of proton pump inhibitors
ADVERSE effects include POSSIBLE predisposition to GI tract infections: C DIFF, osteoporosis and risk of wrist, hip, spine fractures in long term users and pneumonia.
PATIENT EDUCATION for Proton pump inhibitors include:
-If a patient is on warfarin, they will have an increased chance of bleeding -Sucralfate, may delay the absorption of proton pump inhibitors -Food may decrease the absorption of proton pump inhibitors
ADVERSE effects include POSSIBLE predisposition to GI tract infections: C DIFF, osteoporosis and risk of wrist, hip, spine fractures in long term users and pneumonia.
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match the acid controlling drugs
match the acid controlling drugs
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match the chemotherapy specific definitions
match the chemotherapy specific definitions
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match the chemotherapy-specific definitions
match the chemotherapy-specific definitions
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CHEMOTHERAPY patient education - do not take if pregnant, prepubescent (a child who has not yet reached puberty) , or an older adult, some medication side effects can cause tye 1 diabetes.
CHEMOTHERAPY patient education - do not take if pregnant, prepubescent (a child who has not yet reached puberty) , or an older adult, some medication side effects can cause tye 1 diabetes.
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during chemotherapy would present as such:
-Alopecia
-vomiting
-liver,kidney, lung toxicities can occur
-convulsions
-extravasation (chemo going into the subq tissue when fluids are misplaced that causes cell death /tissue necrosis, you can lose an arm)
-cachexia (a state of having great weightloss and muscle loss)
during chemotherapy would present as such: -Alopecia -vomiting -liver,kidney, lung toxicities can occur -convulsions -extravasation (chemo going into the subq tissue when fluids are misplaced that causes cell death /tissue necrosis, you can lose an arm) -cachexia (a state of having great weightloss and muscle loss)
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a job/ role of the RN with a patient who is on chemotherapy is to provide them comfort, support and safety. take everything into consideration
a job/ role of the RN with a patient who is on chemotherapy is to provide them comfort, support and safety. take everything into consideration
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Study Notes
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
- Signs and symptoms: polyuria (increased urination), polydipsia (thirst), polyphagia (hunger), glycosuria (sugar in urine), unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision.
Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia, and Glycosuria
- Polyuria: increased urination
- Polydipsia: excessive thirst
- Polyphagia: excessive hunger
- Glycosuria: sugar in urine
Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Type 1 DM: genetic, less than 10% of all DM cases, no insulin production
- Type 2 DM: 90% of all DM cases, due to poor diet and lifestyle
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
- Macrovascular complications: atherosclerotic plaque (build-up in arteries)
- Microvascular complications: capillary damage
Non-pharmacologic Treatment for Type 2 DM
- Weight loss
- Improved dietary habits
- Smoking cessation
- Reduced alcohol consumption
- Regular physical exercise
HbA1C and Fasting Blood Glucose Goals
- HbA1C goal: less than 7%
- Fasting blood glucose goal: 80-130mg/Dl
Medications for Type 2 DM
- Afrezza: inhaled, rapid-acting medication (peak: 12-15 minutes)
- Insulin syringes: orange, marked with "units" at the bottom near the plunger
- Biguanides (Metformin): first-line drug, decreases glucose production/intestinal absorption
- Sulfonylureas: non-insulin antidiabetic drugs (end in "-ide" or "-amine")
- Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors (Acarbose, Miglitol): delay glucose absorption, control postprandial hyperglycemia
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
- Metformin: GI abdominal bleeding, cramping, feeling of fullness, LACTIC ACIDOSIS (rare, lethal)
- Contraindications for Metformin: renal or hepatic disease
- Sulfonylureas: contraindicated in sulfa allergy
- Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors: contraindicated in certain bowel disorders (flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain)
GLP-1 Injectables
- Patient education: may experience weight loss (5-10 lbs), inject properly
- Adverse effects: rare hemorragic/necrotizing pancreatitis
- Black box warning: risk of developing thyroid C-Cell tumors, thyroid cancer
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Description
Test your knowledge on the signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus type 2 including polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, glycosuria, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision.