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Questions and Answers
What could be indicated by the presence of inflammation of tissues surrounding blood vessels, heart valves, or other structures?
Which skin condition could be associated with small bumps or patches of crusty red lesions?
What could swelling around the ankles, legs, or sacral area suggest?
What is a possible implication of substantial weight loss and changes in body composition?
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Which skin condition is characterized by scaly red or purple plaques?
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What organ dysfunction can result from the progression of inflammation in tissues surrounding blood vessels or heart valves?
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Study Notes
Signs of Advanced Disease on Examination
During physical examinations, healthcare providers assess various aspects of a patient's health. Some signs may indicate more advanced stages of certain diseases, such as cancer or cardiovascular conditions. These indicators are often subtle and require a trained professional to detect, although some are more evident. Here is a list of signs that can suggest the presence of advanced disease during an examination:
Inflammation
Inflammation of tissues surrounding blood vessels, heart valves, or other structures can be an indication of an underlying condition like endocarditis or rheumatoid arthritis. As inflammation progresses, it can lead to organ dysfunction, damage, or failure.
Abnormal Skin Signs
Changes in skin appearance, including discolorations, lesions, warts, or ulcers, could signify underlying malignancies or autoimmune disorders. For example, basal cell carcinoma presents with small bumps or patches of crusty red lesions, while cutaneous T-cell lymphoma causes scaly red or purple plaques. Alopecia can also be associated with thyroid disorders or hormonal imbalances.
Edema
The accumulation of fluid in tissues, leading to swelling, especially around the ankles, legs, or sacral area, could indicate advanced stages of kidney disease or congestive heart failure.
Malnutrition
Significant weight loss and changes in body composition—specifically, muscle wasting—can signal advanced disease. This may occur due to decreased appetite resulting from illness or due to cachexia caused by tumors.
Elevated Heart Rate
A resting pulse rate above 90 beats per minute may indicate severe infection, dehydration, or heart disease.
Hepatosplenomegaly
Enlargement of the liver and spleen, which may occur due to hepatitis, cirrhosis, or metastatic disease, can be detected through palpation during an abdominal exam.
Although these signs do not definitively diagnose advanced disease, they serve as important markers that may prompt healthcare providers to further investigate the patient's condition.
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Description
Learn about various subtle signs that may indicate the presence of advanced stages of diseases during physical examinations. These signs include inflammation, abnormal skin changes, edema, malnutrition, elevated heart rate, and hepatosplenomegaly.
