Signs and Nutrition in Pregnancy

Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of administering Rhogam to Rh-negative women?

To boost fetal development in Rh-negative pregnancies

To enhance maternal immune response

To treat Rh-negative blood type conditions

To prevent Rh immunization after exposure to Rh-positive blood (correct)

When should Rhogam be administered to an Rh-negative woman who has delivered an Rh-positive infant?

Within 72 hours after delivery (correct)

Within 48 hours after delivery

At anytime during the postpartum period

Within 24 hours after delivery

What is the procedure for the glucose challenge test (GCT)?

Fasting is required before the test

50 g of oral glucose solution is ingested (correct)

The test is usually conducted at the beginning of pregnancy

A blood sample is taken immediately after ingestion

Which of the following scenarios requires administration of Rhogam?

Undergoing amniocentesis while carrying an Rh-positive fetus Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration in which the glucose challenge test is typically conducted?

Between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a presumptive sign of pregnancy?

Amenorrhea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods should be avoided during pregnancy due to the risk of Listeria infections?

Raw dairy products Signup and view all the answers

What is a leading cause of neonatal mortality?

Congenital malformations Signup and view all the answers

Which change in the cardiovascular system is expected during pregnancy?

Increased cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

What happens to respiratory rate during the last trimester of pregnancy?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following changes occurs in pelvic joints during pregnancy?

They relax Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding expected changes in the uterus during pregnancy?

It changes shape and position Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hormones and increased blood volume on the filtration rate during pregnancy?

Filtration rate increases Signup and view all the answers

What is a precaution to take for HIV patients during labor?

Avoid procedures that risk maternal blood exposure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of moderate exercise during pregnancy?

30 minutes of moderate exercise daily Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of spontaneous abortion?

Chromosomal abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored for warning signs during pregnancy?

Fluid leakage or contractions Signup and view all the answers

What should be done for a mother suspected of abruptio placentae?

Start an IV line Signup and view all the answers

What maternal viral load indicates consideration for a scheduled cesarean birth in HIV patients?

More than 1,000 copies/mL Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a reason for spontaneous abortion?

Positive maternal health Signup and view all the answers

What is a safe practice regarding newborn medical procedures for an infant born to an HIV-positive mother?

Delay all procedures until after the first bath Signup and view all the answers

What is the score range indicating a normal fetal status with a low risk of chronic fetal asphyxia?

8 to 10 Signup and view all the answers

How many fetal breathing movements must be observed to receive the maximum score during a 30-minute assessment?

At least 1 episode greater than 30 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the required qualitative amniotic fluid volume to achieve the highest score?

At least 1 pocket measuring 2 cm in 2 perpendicular planes Signup and view all the answers

Which fetal condition is suspected with a score of less than 4?

Strongly suspect chronic fetal asphyxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial nursing action prior to an amniocentesis procedure?

Obtain informed consent Signup and view all the answers

During the intraprocedure phase of amniocentesis, baseline vital signs and fetal heart rate should be:

Obtained and documented before the procedure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of placing a wedge under the client's right hip during amniocentesis?

Displace the uterus off the vena cava Signup and view all the answers

Which food source is NOT typically associated with high folate content?

Red meat Signup and view all the answers

What is one recommended method to prevent infections during pregnancy?

Practice personal hygiene and hand washing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended delivery method for mothers with active genital lesions?

Cesarean section is recommended to avoid transmission. Signup and view all the answers

When can a fetal heartbeat typically be first detected via ultrasound?

8 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding neonatal herpes?

It poses a 50% risk of death or serious complications if systemic. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a Nonstress Test (NST)?

To assess fetal well-being by monitoring heart rate response to movement. Signup and view all the answers

What should a mother do to ensure safe breastfeeding after having herpes?

Breastfeed only if she has not had any outbreak. Signup and view all the answers

At which gestational age can fetal gender typically be determined?

By the end of week 12 Signup and view all the answers

What might a primary herpes infection during pregnancy lead to?

Low birth weight and preterm labor. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy

Amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) is a primary early indicator.
Symptoms often include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and increased urinary frequency.
Notable physical changes: breast alterations (darkened areolae, enlarged Montgomery’s glands) and Chadwick’s sign (cervical color change to bluish-purple).
Quickening refers to fetal movement typically felt between 16 to 20 weeks.

Foods to Avoid in Pregnancy

High-risk foods include soft and moldy cheeses, deli meats, hot dogs, raw dairy, and raw produce to reduce listeria infections.
Raw or lightly cooked sprouts (e.g. alfalfa, clover) should be avoided.
Reheat luncheon meats and hot dogs until steaming to mitigate risk.
Soft cheeses must be made from pasteurized milk; avoid refrigerated pâté and unpasteurized products.

Leading Cause of Neonatal Mortality

Primary contributors are congenital malformations, premature birth, and maternal pregnancy complications.
Neonatal morbidity and mortality correlate with gestational age and birth weight, with preterm labor being a significant factor.

Expected Changes in Pregnancy

The uterus enlarges, alters shape, and changes position.
Cardiac output can increase by 30% to 50%; blood volume rises by 30% to 45% at term to support metabolic needs.
Heart rate increases, peaking by 32 weeks; common heart sound changes include splitting and systolic murmurs.
Oxygen demands rise, leading to alterations in respiratory rate and lung capacity by the third trimester.
Relaxation of pelvic joints and increased renal filtration rates occur.

HIV Patient Precautions

Early treatment reduces perinatal transmission risks.
Procedures like amniocentesis should be avoided to prevent blood exposure.
Refrain from using internal fetal monitors and instruments that risk maternal blood contact.
Delayed newborn treatments (injections, blood tests) until after the first bath.
Vaginal delivery may be possible with a viral load under 1,000 copies/mL; Cesarean birth is advised for higher loads.
Breastfeeding is contraindicated for HIV-positive mothers.

Safe Exercises in Pregnancy

Regular moderate exercise (30 minutes) such as walking or swimming is beneficial if no contraindications exist.

Reasons for Spontaneous Abortion

Factors include chromosomal abnormalities, maternal illnesses (e.g., type 1 diabetes), age, and trauma.
Other contributors include malnutrition, substance abuse, and conditions like antiphospholipid syndrome.

Warning Signs in Pregnancy

Immediate medical contact is advised for abnormal bleeding, fluid leakage, or contractions.
Other concerning symptoms include high blood pressure and signs of preeclampsia (swelling, headaches).

Ethical Principles

Ensure ethical practice through patient autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice in care.

Teen Pregnancy Education

Vital to provide comprehensive education regarding risks, prenatal care, and developmental support for teen mothers.

Priority Interventions for Abruptio Placentae

IV line initiation and constant monitoring of maternal cardiovascular status and fetal condition are crucial.
Prepare for immediate birth and administer fluids and oxygen as necessary.

Rhogam Administration

Given to Rh-negative women exposed to Rh-positive blood during pregnancy or delivery.
Administer a standard dose at 28 weeks and after the birth of an Rh-positive infant.

Glucose Challenge Test (GCT)

Conducted between 24 to 28 weeks; no fasting required.
The test involves consuming 50g of glucose and drawing blood one hour later to assess blood sugar levels.

Sources of Folate

Rich in leafy greens, legumes, seeds, and fortified cereals; necessary for fetal development.

Fetal Lung Development

Completion typically occurs around 37 weeks gestation.

RN Responsibilities After Amniocentesis

Prepare by explaining the procedure and ensuring informed consent; assess vital signs and FHR before starting.
Maintain maternal positioning for safety and facilitate ultrasound.

Infection Prevention in Pregnancy

Promote good hygiene, regular immunizations, and avoidance of sick individuals to prevent infections.

Safety for Moms with Herpes

Active genital lesions necessitate a C-section; antiviral treatment like Acyclovir may reduce risks.
Safe breastfeeding is possible if no lesions are present, with infant monitoring for signs of infection.

Weight Gain Guidelines

Discuss appropriate weight gain for women based on Body Mass Index (BMI) categories.

Fetal Development Milestones

Heartbeat detectable via ultrasound at 8 weeks; Doppler may detect it by 10-12 weeks.
Fetal gender can be identified around week 12.

Non-Stress Test (NST)

A non-invasive test performed in the third trimester to monitor fetal well-being, measuring FHR in response to fetal movements.

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Description

This quiz covers essential topics related to pregnancy, including presumptive signs, dietary restrictions, and factors contributing to neonatal mortality. Test your knowledge on early indicators of pregnancy and the foods to avoid for a healthy outcome. Learn about the crucial signs and nutrition necessary for expectant mothers.