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Questions and Answers
What is the recommended action if someone is conscious and choking but can still cough forcefully?
When performing the Heimlich maneuver, where should your fist be placed?
What does the 'five-and-five' approach involve in managing conscious choking?
If an unconscious person is found choking, what is the first step in management?
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What is the key action to take if a blockage is visible in the throat of an unconscious person?
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What is a potential risk when attempting a finger sweep in an unconscious choking victim?
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What immediate action should be taken if a choking person passes out?
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In the management of conscious choking, how should a person be positioned to deliver back blows?
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What is the first step in managing an asthmatic attack?
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Which symptom is NOT typically associated with an asthmatic attack?
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What role does a spacer play when using an inhaler for asthma management?
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What action should be taken if a person with asthma shows no improvement after using medication?
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What is a common position a person may adopt during an asthmatic attack to aid breathing?
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Which of the following describes a sign of severe distress during an asthmatic attack?
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What should a person do after releasing medication from an inhaler into a spacer?
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What is the first step in helping a conscious person who is choking?
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In the event of an asthmatic still struggling to breathe after medication, what should be done next?
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Which technique should be used when managing a choking infant?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bronchial asthma?
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What should be done if back slaps do not dislodge an object in a choking infant?
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Which response is appropriate for a person showing signs of a heart attack?
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Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma involves which of the following?
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In the case of a choking adult, where should pressure be applied for effective abdominal thrusts?
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What is the key action to take if a choking infant loses consciousness?
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Study Notes
Signs of Choking
- Coughing or gagging
- Hand signals and panic (sometimes pointing to the throat)
- Sudden inability to talk
- Wheezing, difficulty breathing
- Passing out
- Turning blue: the person becomes cyanosed
- Loss of consciousness
Management of Conscious Choking
- Remove any visible objects from the mouth or pharynx
- If the person is able to cough forcefully, encourage them to cough
- If the person is choking and can't talk, cry, or laugh forcefully, use the "Five-and-Five" approach
“Five-and-Five” Approach
- Give 5 back blows
- Give 5 abdominal thrusts
- Alternate between 5 blows & 5 thrusts until the blockage is dislodged, or the person breathes or coughs
How to Do the Heimlich Maneuver
- Stand behind the person and wrap your arms around their waist.
- Place your clenched fist just above the person’s navel.
- Grab your fist with your other hand.
- Press hard into the abdomen with a quick, upward thrust as if trying to lift the person up.
- Perform a total of 5 abdominal thrusts until the blockage is dislodged.
Management of Unconscious Choking
- Lower the person onto their back on the floor, arms to the side
- Clear the airway.
- If a blockage is visible, reach a finger into the mouth and sweep out the cause of the blockage.
- Don’t try a finger sweep if you can’t see the object.
- Begin CPR if the object remains lodged and the person doesn't respond.
Pathological Changes in Bronchial Asthma
- Thickening and fibrosis of the sub-basement membrane
- Mucus hypersecretion
- Injury to epithelial cells
- Smooth muscle hypertrophy
- Angiogenesis
Asthmatic Attack
- Severe wheezing when breathing both in and out
- Coughing that won't stop
- Very rapid breathing
- Chest tightness
- Tightened neck and chest muscles, called retractions
- Difficulty talking
- Subject acquires a tripod position
- Feelings of anxiety or panic
- Pale, sweaty face
- Blue lips or fingernails
Management of Asthmatic Attack
- Sit the person upright comfortably and loosen tight clothing
- Ask the person to take slow, long, and deep breaths
- Encourage the person to stay calm
- Call the emergency number immediately if the person is struggling to breathe, has blue lips or fingernails, or has no medicine.
- If the person has asthma medication, such as an inhaler, assist them in using it.
- Help the person use the inhaler
- If there’s still little or no improvement, give 4 to 8 puffs every 20 minutes until the ambulance arrives for up to 4 hours.
- Monitor the person and reassure them until help arrives.
The Purpose of Using a Spacer with an Inhaler
- Ensure the person with asthma gets the maximum benefit from their medication
- Helps direct the medicine to the airways of the lungs instead of the mouth
- Spacers extend the amount of time the inhaler takes to deliver medicine.
If You're Choking Alone
- Place a fist slightly above your navel.
- Grasp your fist with the other hand and bend over a hard surface.
- Push your fist inward and upward.
If the Person is Obese or Pregnant
- Do high abdominal thrusts
- For the conscious person sitting or standing, stand behind the person and place your hands under the victim's armpits.
- Wrap your arms around the victim’s chest.
- Place the thumb side of your fist on the middle of the breastbone.
- Grab your fist with your other hand and thrust backward.
- Quickly pull inward and upward.
- Repeat until the object is dislodged or until the person becomes unconscious.
Management of a Choking Infant (Below 1 Year of Age)
- Sit down and put the baby facedown on your forearm so the baby’s head is lower than their chest.
- Support the baby’s head in your palm, against your thigh.
- Give up to 5 sharp back slaps with the heel of 1 hand in the middle of the back between the shoulder blades.
Management of a Choking Infant (Cont.)
- If the object does not pop out, support the baby’s head and turn them face up on your thigh.
- Keep the baby’s head lower than their body.
- Place 2 or 3 fingers just below the nipple line on the baby’s breastbone and give 5 quick chest thrusts.
- Keep giving 5 back slaps & 5 chest thrusts until the object comes out or the baby faints.
Bronchial Asthma
- Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airways characterized by attacks of coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.
Pathophysiology of Asthma
- The pathophysiology of asthma is a complex chronic disorder of the airways that involves a complex interaction of:
- Intermittent airflow obstruction
- Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
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Description
Test your knowledge on the signs of choking and the appropriate management techniques, including the Heimlich maneuver. This quiz covers essential steps to recognize choking and how to respond effectively to save a life.
