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Questions and Answers
What is the first step in the scientific method?
What defines a hypothesis in scientific research?
Which of the following must be controlled in an experiment?
In the context of solubility, what does an independent variable refer to?
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What observation might prompt a scientific question regarding sugar and water?
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What happens when you increase the temperature of water in relation to sugar solubility?
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Why is it important for an experiment to be carried out under controlled conditions?
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What is the role of observation in initiating the scientific method?
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What is the primary reason to dismiss insignificant figures when rounding?
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When rounding the number 7.6245 cm using a ruler with millimetre graduation marks, what would the rounded measurement be?
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Which digit determines if the rounding digit remains the same or increases by one?
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If the rounding digit is 6 and the digit to its right is 5, what is the result of rounding?
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What happens to digits to the right of the rounding digit after rounding?
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If you were to round the number 12.0347, which rounding rule would apply?
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In rounding whole numbers, what does a digit of 4 or less to the right of the rounding digit indicate?
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What symbol represents the prefix for a factor of 10^6?
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What is the independent variable in the experiment?
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What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
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Which of the following statements about control variables is true?
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What trend is observed from the results of the experiment?
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What can be concluded from the experiment concerning the hypothesis?
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What is the role of scientific laws in relation to hypotheses?
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Which factor is considered a control variable in the given experiment?
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What determines whether a scientific theory remains valid?
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How does scientific research contribute to technology?
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What kind of benefits does technology bring to science?
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Which development led to improvements in multiple industries including transportation and agriculture?
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Who is credited with the discovery of the first practical method of generating electricity?
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What role did various scientists and engineers play in the development of internal combustion engines?
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Which advancement has successfully eradicated or controlled serious infectious diseases?
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What was the primary function of the steam engine when it was developed?
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What type of improvements did the steam engine lead to in various sectors?
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What is the correct procedure for heating test tubes safely?
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What should you do if you need to mix sulphuric acid with water?
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Which of the following is a safety measure regarding flammable substances?
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What is the correct action to take with regard to waste disposal in a laboratory?
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What should you do if you accidentally spill strong acid on your skin?
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What is a common safety guideline for handling glass instruments in the lab?
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How should you handle substances that release gas?
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What is the proper way to use a pipette?
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Study Notes
Rounding Numbers
- Significant digits are essential for precision in measurement.
- A ruler with centimeter markings provides only one significant digit.
- Use rounding to dismiss insignificant figures; for example, 7.6245 cm rounds to 7.62 cm.
- Rounding rules differ for whole numbers and decimals.
Rounding Rules
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Whole Numbers:
- Rounding digit remains unchanged if the following digit is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; turn subsequent digits to 0.
- Rounding digit increases by one if the next digit is 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9; subsequent digits become 0.
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Decimal Numbers:
- Dismiss digits to the right of the rounding digit if it is 4, 3, 2, or 1.
- Add one to the rounding digit if it is 6, 7, 8, or 9, then discard subsequent digits.
Scientific Method Stages
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Observation and Question:
- Observations lead to questions about natural phenomena, such as the solubility of sugar in water based on temperature.
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Formulating a Hypothesis:
- A hypothesis should predict outcomes based on observed variables, e.g., increasing water temperature enhances sugar solubility.
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Testing and Experimentation:
- Conduct experiments under controlled conditions, modifying only the independent variable (water temperature) while keeping other factors constant.
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Analysis of Results:
- Organize data into tables and graphs to draw conclusions.
- Confirmed hypothesis: Increased temperature correlates with higher sugar solubility.
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Laws and Theories:
- From validated hypotheses, scientific laws are formulated.
- Theories explain laws, can vary, and remain valid until disproven by new evidence.
Lab Safety Guidelines
- Limit materials on the work table to necessary items only.
- Always wear gloves, lab coat, and safety glasses when required.
- Handle glassware carefully to prevent breakage; use metal clamps to heat test tubes properly.
- Never handle flammable substances near heat sources, and avoid food and drink in the lab.
- Strong acids/bases are corrosive; always add acid to water to prevent splashing.
- Dispose of waste properly; do not return unused substances to stock containers.
- Use a pipette bulb to avoid ingestion of hazardous substances.
Impact of Scientific Research
- Significant advancements in technology stem from scientific research, impacting everyday life.
- Science and technology interdependently foster progress, generating ideas and providing necessary tools.
- Major technological achievements include the steam engine, electricity development, internal combustion engine, and vaccines.
- Vaccines, developed through extensive research, have effectively controlled or eradicated many infectious diseases.
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Description
Test your understanding of significant figures and rounding in measurements. This quiz covers how to read a ruler marked in centimeters and millimeters, and the importance of precision when expressing measurements. Challenge yourself with various scenarios and improve your measurement skills!
