18 Questions
What does it mean when a null hypothesis is rejected at a significance level of 0.01?
The result is more statistically significant than if it were rejected at 0.05.
In null hypothesis significance testing, what should be done to discuss the size of an effect?
Calculate and interpret the effect size.
Which statistical test is commonly used to examine whether the difference in mean scores between two groups is statistically significant?
T-test
What do researchers need to specify before conducting a statistical test?
Alpha level
Which test is suitable for examining differences among three or more groups, such as in factorial designs?
ANOVA (F test)
What does a significance test in the NHST framework determine?
Whether to reject the null hypothesis
What is the typical p-value threshold used in null hypothesis significance testing to reject the null hypothesis?
$p < 0.05$
What does the alpha value represent in null hypothesis significance testing?
The probability of making a Type I error
Which of the following is the null hypothesis in the mind-reading experiment described?
The participant will get 50% of the answers correct by chance
What is the primary reason why increasing the sample size in the mind-reading experiment leads to a lower p-value?
Larger samples provide more precise estimates of the true population value
Which of the following is the primary purpose of setting an alpha value in null hypothesis significance testing?
To control the probability of making a Type I error
Which of the following is the most important factor in determining the likelihood of rejecting a true null hypothesis (making a Type I error)?
The alpha value chosen by the researcher
What is the primary goal of any statistical test?
To determine if an observed effect in a sample is likely to represent a real effect in the population
What is the significance level or alpha level in hypothesis testing?
The threshold for determining whether the observed effect is statistically significant
If the calculated p-value is smaller than the chosen alpha level, what can be concluded?
The null hypothesis should be rejected, and the result is statistically significant
What is the effect of a larger sample size on the likelihood of obtaining statistically significant results?
It increases the likelihood of obtaining statistically significant results
What is the relationship between effect size and the likelihood of obtaining statistically significant results?
Larger effect sizes increase the likelihood of obtaining statistically significant results
What is the null hypothesis in statistical testing?
The hypothesis that the observed effect in the sample is due to chance
Learn about common errors in interpreting null hypothesis significance testing results and the importance of avoiding them. Understand the significance of effect size calculation and interpretation in statistical analysis.
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