Signals and Systems Quiz

Ergodic Process

• An ergodic process is one where time averages and ensemble averages are equivalent.
• It implies that observing a single sample function for a long time gives information identical to observing all sample functions at one point in time.

Eye Pattern Study

• Used to analyze:
  • Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI)
  • Quantization noise
  • Error rate
• Eye patterns provide visual insight into signal integrity and performance.

AMI Process

• AMI, or Alternate Mark Inversion, is synonymous with Bipolar encoding.
• It uses alternating positive and negative voltages for the representation of bits.

Properties of Autocorrelation Function

• The autocorrelation function is symmetric: R(t) = R(-t).
• Its maximum value occurs at zero lag.
• Autocorrelation is periodic for periodic signals.
• It provides insights into signal energy distribution over time.

Spectral Density of White Noise

• The spectral density of white noise is constant across all frequencies.
• White noise has equal intensity at varying frequencies within a given bandwidth.

Power Signal vs. Energy Signal

• Power signals have finite power but infinite energy, like sine waves.
• Energy signals have finite energy but can be of infinite power when the signal duration is nonzero, such as pulses.

Ensemble Average

• The ensemble average is calculated by averaging over all possible realizations of a random process.
• This concept is foundational in probability theory for analyzing stochastic processes.

ASK Modulation and On-Off Keying

• Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) is known as On-Off keying because it modulates the presence or absence of a carrier wave.
• In ASK, binary '1' is represented by a presence of a signal, while '0' by its absence.

Difference Between Autocorrelation and Cross-Correlation

• Autocorrelation measures similarity of a signal with itself over varying time lags.
• Cross-correlation measures the similarity between two different signals, providing insight into their relationship.

Test your knowledge on key concepts in signals and systems including ergodic processes, autocorrelation functions, and spectral density of white noise. This quiz features multiple-choice questions and open-ended prompts to challenge your understanding of fundamental principles.