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Questions and Answers
The first step in a signaling pathway that responds to a molecule that stays in the extracellular space is
The first step in a signaling pathway that responds to a molecule that stays in the extracellular space is
- binding of the signal molecule to a receptor. (correct)
- diffusion through the plasma membrane into the cell.
- activation of gene expression.
- phosphorylation and activation of the receptor protein.
What type of cell response would take the longest amount of time (on the scale of minutes to hours) to execute?
What type of cell response would take the longest amount of time (on the scale of minutes to hours) to execute?
- one that involves the release of secretory vesicles
- one that involves a change in gene expression (correct)
- one that involves the firing of an action potential along a neuron
- one that uses a phosphorylation event to activate an enzyme
Which of the following is NOT an intracellular signaling protein activated by an RTK?
Which of the following is NOT an intracellular signaling protein activated by an RTK?
- Ras
- monomeric GTPase
- G-protein (correct)
- PI-3-kinase
Steroid hormones trigger transcription of target genes by
Steroid hormones trigger transcription of target genes by
Which of the following types of cell signaling is long range and uses hormones as signals?
Which of the following types of cell signaling is long range and uses hormones as signals?
The active form of a monomeric GTP-binding protein is the
The active form of a monomeric GTP-binding protein is the
Which of the following describes negative feedback regulation?
Which of the following describes negative feedback regulation?
Enzymes that add a phosphate group to a switch protein are called
Enzymes that add a phosphate group to a switch protein are called
How does the binding of a signal molecule activate an RTK for downstream signaling?
How does the binding of a signal molecule activate an RTK for downstream signaling?
Shown below is a diagram of how theoretical intracellular signaling pathways could integrate incoming signals to produce a coordinated cell response.
Shown below is a diagram of how theoretical intracellular signaling pathways could integrate incoming signals to produce a coordinated cell response.
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Study Notes
Signaling Pathways
- The first step in a signaling pathway that responds to a molecule staying in the extracellular space involves a receptor protein on the cell surface.
Cell Response Time
- The cell response that would take the longest amount of time (on the scale of minutes to hours) to execute is a transcriptional response, which involves changes in gene expression.
RTK Signaling
- Notch receptor is NOT an intracellular signaling protein activated by an RTK (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase).
- RTKs are activated when a signal molecule binds to the receptor, causing its auto-phosphorylation, which leads to the recruitment of downstream signaling proteins.
Hormone Signaling
- Endocrine signaling is a type of long-range cell signaling that uses hormones as signals.
GTP-Binding Proteins
- The active form of a monomeric GTP-binding protein is the GTP-bound form.
Negative Feedback Regulation
- Negative feedback regulation occurs when the response to a signal reduces the strength or frequency of the original signal.
Signal Transduction
- Enzymes that add a phosphate group to a switch protein are called protein kinases.
- These kinases play a crucial role in signal transduction pathways, as they can activate or inhibit downstream proteins.
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