Signaling Lamps and ECR Method
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Questions and Answers

What voltage rating is associated with the SL30 signalling lamp?

  • 110 V
  • 1.2 V
  • 24 V (correct)
  • 12 V

    • What is the wattage rating for the SL33 position light junction?

  • 25 W (correct)
  • 6 W
  • 12 W
  • 110 W

    • Which type of signaling lamp has series connections?

  • SL18
  • SL33
  • SL30
  • SL13 (correct)

    • Which signaling lamp is specified for illuminated diagrams and control panels?

    <p>SL30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the SL18 multi-aspect colour light signal?

    <p>Automatic signalling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current capacity of the L-type transformer used in the ECR method?

    <p>300 mA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which voltage is developed across the secondary of the L-type transformer?

    <p>9 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capacity of the L-type transformer in the ECR method?

    <p>0.09 VA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which areas is the ECR method with the L-type transformer suitable?

    <p>Both AC RE and Non-RE areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the voltage ratio for the L-type transformer in the ECR method?

    <p>0.5 V / 9 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the red aspect in the signal configuration?

    <p>To be positioned at driver's eye level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are reflectors not used in multiunit signals?

    <p>They contribute to phantom indications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is provided on the cover of the signal to ensure proper ventilation?

    <p>Breathing holes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lugs with small apertures in the light unit?

    <p>To form an aperture sighting arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the complete CLS unit be adjusted for proper alignment of the beam of light?

    <p>By tilting it using the mounting socket</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily used to shield the lens unit from external light?

    <p>Hoods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the sighting apertures located on the terminal box?

    <p>To aid in aligning the signal with the approaching train</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural component is used to secure the mounting socket on the post?

    <p>Three bolts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the signal lamp is functioning correctly?

    <p>The concerned ECR picks up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is directly connected to the output of the bridge rectifier?

    <p>The lamp checking relay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the repeater relay's action in the cabin?

    <p>The signal lamp is functioning correctly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a stated advantage of the ECR method?

    <p>Less line voltage drop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the signal lamp is fused or not glowing?

    <p>The ECR drops and its repeater relay drops as well.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the ECR method system, what is the role of ECPRs?

    <p>To provide signal lamp indications in the cabin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What voltage ratio is specified for the discussed system?

    <p>0.3 V / 9 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transformer is mentioned in relation to the ECR?

    <p>H-type transformer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the MECR relay when the main filament is burning?

    <p>It picks up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is connected to the output of the H-type current transformer?

    <p>A relay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the main filament of the triple pole lamp fuses?

    <p>The MECR relay drops out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resistance and power rating of the resistor used in the auxiliary filament circuit?

    <p>1 Ohm, 15 W</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the S1 MECR designed to make slow to release?

    <p>To avoid wrong indication at aspect changing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of signal MECR indication, what may the railways decide to do due to conductor shortages?

    <p>Provide a common indication through suitable grouping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the ON state of the circuit to bring the main filament in circuit first?

    <p>The 1 Ohm resistor enables the main filament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the MECR relay indicate that the main filament is fused?

    <p>By illuminating the auxiliary filament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the DIST DR picks up?

    <p>At least one yellow lamp must be lit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the provision of a Second Distant Signal important?

    <p>It improves train punctuality and safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with a blank signal?

    <p>It can confuse drivers and lead to accidents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lifespan of traditional filament signal lamps?

    <p>1,000 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major problem associated with replacing signal lamps?

    <p>Focusing needs to be checked and adjusted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What developed technology aims to overcome the problems associated with traditional signal lamps?

    <p>LED Signal Units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause a signal to go blank?

    <p>Failure of the signal lamp or power supply interruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aspects of the signalling system is NOT addressed by the introduction of LED Signal Units?

    <p>Reduction of color blindness in drivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Automatic Colour Light Signalling

    • Automatic block working is a train control system where train movement is regulated by automatic stop signals, which are activated by train passage into and out of the sections

    • Essential elements of the Automatic Block System include: track circuiting, sections governed by automatic signals, and automatic operation of signals by train movement (no manual control).

    • Sections are marked with automatic signals that are activated automatically when trains pass through them.

    • Overlap distance (minimum 120 meters) is the area before a signal that must be clear for a signal to change to the OFF position

    • Section lengths are categorized as overlap tracks and berth tracks for automatic signal operation.

    • Signals are numbered sequentially (odd/even) based on direction and kilometer location

    • Different signal circuits are used for different situations/conditions.

    • Cascading can be used in some systems to provide aspects other than the normal signal aspect while a train is present, so a failure in the system will automatically revert to a more restricted aspect (e.g., red).

    LED Signal Units

    • LED signal units use Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for improved reliability and reduced maintenance.

    • LEDs use a solid-state design for improved safety and reliability in difficult conditions.

    • Advantages include longer life, lower energy consumption, and compatibility with existing signal housings

    • LED signal units have better robustness and operate within a wide voltage range

    • Suitable for various types of signals, including main, calling, route, and shunt signals

    • LEDs offer improved visibility and reliability.

    Signal Indication Circuits

    • Signal indications are provided in the cabin when signals are in manual, semi-automatic, or automatic modes.

    • Repeaters for signals in the cabin are provided for manual, semi-automatic, and automatic modes.

    • Indicators show the current signal aspect to aid in train operation, and in some situations more than one distant signal may be necessary for safety

    • Current transformer method is most commonly used to display signals, and this has a secondary coil which is connected in series with the signal lamp via a current transformer.

    • ECR (Emergency Change Relay)(an additional backup system) methods use special circuits to handle failed signal lamps.

    Triple Pole Lamps

    • Triple pole lamps have three filaments instead of two, providing redundancy to prevent signal blanking; this offers better reliability and safety.

    • Fuses are designed and installed so the backup filament will light if the main filament fails

    • These lamps have triple-pole designs that allow for two, equal-wattage, filaments.

    • Backup filament is a safety feature and ensures safe signaling if the main filament fails.

    • This arrangement improves signaling system reliability.

    Inner Distant Signals

    • Inner distant signals are used to provide drivers with advance warning of stop signals, helping with train control and punctuality.

    • There are two variants for these signals, depending on the number of distant signals needed in a particular system. (Single or double inner distant signals).

    • Inner distant signals are mounted at a strategic distance away from the main signal.

    • They provide earlier warnings of potential stops or actions.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts related to signaling lamps, including their voltage and wattage ratings, types of connections, and specific applications. Additionally, it focuses on the L-type transformer and its specifications within the ECR method. Test your knowledge on these important signaling technologies.

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