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Questions and Answers
What is the preferred minimum distance between a neutral section and a stop signal on a gradient of up to 1 in 300?
What is the preferred minimum distance between a neutral section and a stop signal on a gradient of up to 1 in 300?
In what situation can the distance between a neutral section and a stop signal be reduced to 400 meters after the signal?
In what situation can the distance between a neutral section and a stop signal be reduced to 400 meters after the signal?
What is the minimum distance before a stop signal, according to the stipulations about PTFE type short neutral sections?
What is the minimum distance before a stop signal, according to the stipulations about PTFE type short neutral sections?
What additional guidelines must also be adhered to apart from the preferred distances mentioned?
What additional guidelines must also be adhered to apart from the preferred distances mentioned?
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What is the minimum horizontal distance from the center of the track to any structure as per the schedule of dimensions (SOD)?
What is the minimum horizontal distance from the center of the track to any structure as per the schedule of dimensions (SOD)?
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What is the minimum distance for visibility of a Distant signal in MACLS territory?
What is the minimum distance for visibility of a Distant signal in MACLS territory?
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Which of the following locations should be avoided for placing a Stop signal?
Which of the following locations should be avoided for placing a Stop signal?
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What is the required height for the normal aspect of a Colour Light signal?
What is the required height for the normal aspect of a Colour Light signal?
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When should a Right Hand signal be provided with a retro reflective type of arrow?
When should a Right Hand signal be provided with a retro reflective type of arrow?
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In what situation should an Automatic signal not be placed according to the guidelines?
In what situation should an Automatic signal not be placed according to the guidelines?
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What action should be taken if a signal is not in use?
What action should be taken if a signal is not in use?
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What distance should Intermediate block signals ideally split a block section into?
What distance should Intermediate block signals ideally split a block section into?
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What should be done to improve contrast if external light dominates a signal aspect?
What should be done to improve contrast if external light dominates a signal aspect?
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What should be done if any signal post infringes with the schedule of dimensions?
What should be done if any signal post infringes with the schedule of dimensions?
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What is the minimum height at which a caution board should be provided if a signal post is within 2 meters of a live conductor?
What is the minimum height at which a caution board should be provided if a signal post is within 2 meters of a live conductor?
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In case color light Distant signals are used, which signals can they be combined with?
In case color light Distant signals are used, which signals can they be combined with?
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What color should each signal post be marked with for Normal Implantation?
What color should each signal post be marked with for Normal Implantation?
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What is the purpose of locating the Intermediate Block (IB) signal away from the mid-section gate?
What is the purpose of locating the Intermediate Block (IB) signal away from the mid-section gate?
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What should be done if a neutral section is provided after a stop signal?
What should be done if a neutral section is provided after a stop signal?
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What color marking indicates reduced implantation on a signal post?
What color marking indicates reduced implantation on a signal post?
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What material should be used to protect portions of a signal post that are near a live conductor?
What material should be used to protect portions of a signal post that are near a live conductor?
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What is the height range for alterations from rail level to 305 mm above rail level?
What is the height range for alterations from rail level to 305 mm above rail level?
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What is the maximum level for alterations from 305 mm above to 3355 mm?
What is the maximum level for alterations from 305 mm above to 3355 mm?
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Which height indicates a decrease in levels from 3355 mm above rail level?
Which height indicates a decrease in levels from 3355 mm above rail level?
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What alteration height is indicated for the range from 3735 mm above rail level to 4420 mm?
What alteration height is indicated for the range from 3735 mm above rail level to 4420 mm?
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For alterations below rail level up to formation level, what is the height indicated for curves with a radius less than 875 m?
For alterations below rail level up to formation level, what is the height indicated for curves with a radius less than 875 m?
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What is the alteration amount when moving from 4420 mm to 4610 mm above rail level?
What is the alteration amount when moving from 4420 mm to 4610 mm above rail level?
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Which option represents the total alteration height from 4115 mm above rail level to 6250 mm?
Which option represents the total alteration height from 4115 mm above rail level to 6250 mm?
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What is the alteration height range for works below rail level up to formation level for straight tracks?
What is the alteration height range for works below rail level up to formation level for straight tracks?
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What is the purpose of the Current probe C2 in the fall of potential method?
What is the purpose of the Current probe C2 in the fall of potential method?
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How far should the first potential probe, P1, be from the earth electrode(s) under test?
How far should the first potential probe, P1, be from the earth electrode(s) under test?
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What must be the depth of the probes C2 and P2 when driven into the earth?
What must be the depth of the probes C2 and P2 when driven into the earth?
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What should be done if the three readings of earth resistance show significant variation?
What should be done if the three readings of earth resistance show significant variation?
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What is the significance of comparing the three readings in this method?
What is the significance of comparing the three readings in this method?
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In the fall of potential method, what happens if all three readings are significantly different?
In the fall of potential method, what happens if all three readings are significantly different?
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What is the first measurement taken in the fall of potential method referred to as?
What is the first measurement taken in the fall of potential method referred to as?
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Which action is performed after measuring Reading 1?
Which action is performed after measuring Reading 1?
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Study Notes
Signal Sighting Guidelines
- Factors to consider for signal placement:
- Refer to SEM paragraphs 7.1.13 and 7.1.14
- Avoid signals in risky areas (steep grades, bridges, culverts, obstructions, theft-prone areas, chemical factories)
- Maintain minimum visibility: 400 meters for distant signals, 200 meters for stop signals. Refer to paragraph 7.1.11
- Normal signal height should be approximately 3.65 meters
- Avoid external lights dominating signal aspect; use screens if needed for contrast improvement
- Intermediate block signals should split block sections roughly in half
- Don't install intermediate block signals in sections with steep gradients of more than 1 in 80 unless train brake power is adequate for stopping at the signal.
- Automatic signals should be spaced approximately 1 km apart, except in sections with steep gradients of more than 1 in 80 where adequate brake power for stopping at each automatic signal is needed.
- Right-hand signals require prior approval and should have a reflective arrow indicating the pertinent track.
- Signals should be turned away from traffic during testing and placement before initial use, but not blocked.
- Crossed bars should be visible on signals not in use to clearly indicate this.
- Signals not in use shouldn't be illuminated
- Signals in close proximity can be combined according to paragraph 7.1.16
- A distant signal can be combined with the station's last stop signal, an intermediate block signal, or a level crossing stop signal (refer to GR 3.07(7), G.S.R. 157(E), dated 05-03-21)
- If an intermediate block signal and a gate are nearby, the block signal should protect the gate as well
Schedule of Dimensions (SOD)
- Minimum horizontal distance between a structure and a track center should follow SOD guidelines. See Annexure 19-A2 for details.
- Every signal post should have its center-to-center distance to the track clearly marked. Signal posts and components not aligned with the specified dimensions should be marked with alternating red and white stripes at the eye level of a locomotive driver, pointing towards the affected track
- Signal post locations and fitting locations should be at least 2 meters away from 25 kV live conductors, with appropriate screening or cautionary boards mounted to the signal post if they are within this range.
- Provisions for neutral zones, separating signals from level crossings, and adequate distances for train coasting through neutral zones without stalling are necessary.
Measurement of Earth Resistance
- The method for measuring earth resistance uses a "fall of potential" method with four terminals.
- Steps include connecting current and potential probes to the earth electrode(s) under test and driving probes into the ground at various distances and depths.
- Measurements are taken at different positions, and the average of these readings are used to determine earth resistance.
- If variations are large, the test location of probes should be adjusted and the testing repeated.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the guidelines for signal placement in railway systems. This quiz covers essential factors like visibility, height, and spacing of signals based on specific conditions. Refer to the SEM for technical details as you answer each question.
