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Questions and Answers
Which of the following components is classified as a passive component?
Which of the following components is classified as a passive component?
What role do active components play in a circuit?
What role do active components play in a circuit?
Which statement accurately describes the power gain of passive components?
Which statement accurately describes the power gain of passive components?
Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between current and components in a series circuit?
Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between current and components in a series circuit?
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What type of energy do active components deliver to the circuit?
What type of energy do active components deliver to the circuit?
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How do passive components function in the circuit?
How do passive components function in the circuit?
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Which of the following components would NOT require an external power source to function?
Which of the following components would NOT require an external power source to function?
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Which of the following statements about amplification is true?
Which of the following statements about amplification is true?
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What is a defining characteristic of a series circuit?
What is a defining characteristic of a series circuit?
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How does a parallel circuit behave in relation to current?
How does a parallel circuit behave in relation to current?
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According to Ohm's law, which of the following correctly expresses the current through a resistor?
According to Ohm's law, which of the following correctly expresses the current through a resistor?
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What do Kirchhoff's laws primarily address in electrical circuits?
What do Kirchhoff's laws primarily address in electrical circuits?
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Which equation represents the current division rule for $I_1$?
Which equation represents the current division rule for $I_1$?
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What effect does changing the values of resistors $R_1$ and $R_2$ have on $I_1$ in a parallel circuit?
What effect does changing the values of resistors $R_1$ and $R_2$ have on $I_1$ in a parallel circuit?
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What is the equivalent resistance formula for resistors in parallel?
What is the equivalent resistance formula for resistors in parallel?
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Which equation can be derived from Kirchhoff's Second Law?
Which equation can be derived from Kirchhoff's Second Law?
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What is the primary function of a series circuit in relation to voltage?
What is the primary function of a series circuit in relation to voltage?
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According to the voltage division rule, the voltage across a resistor in a series circuit can be calculated by what formula?
According to the voltage division rule, the voltage across a resistor in a series circuit can be calculated by what formula?
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In a parallel circuit, how is the current distributed between the branches?
In a parallel circuit, how is the current distributed between the branches?
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What causes the voltage across a resistor in a series circuit to be greater?
What causes the voltage across a resistor in a series circuit to be greater?
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If a parallel circuit has two resistors, R1 and R2, with values 5Ω and 10Ω respectively, what would affect the current through R1 when total current I is known?
If a parallel circuit has two resistors, R1 and R2, with values 5Ω and 10Ω respectively, what would affect the current through R1 when total current I is known?
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Which equation represents the total resistance in a series circuit when combining two resistors?
Which equation represents the total resistance in a series circuit when combining two resistors?
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What is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance as defined by Ohm's Law?
What is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance as defined by Ohm's Law?
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In the voltage division rule, what happens to the voltage across a resistor if its resistance is increased while keeping the total voltage constant?
In the voltage division rule, what happens to the voltage across a resistor if its resistance is increased while keeping the total voltage constant?
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Flashcards
Active Component
Active Component
A component that acts as a power source in a circuit and may provide power gain.
Passive Component
Passive Component
A component that acts as a load in a circuit; it cannot provide power gain.
Series Circuit current
Series Circuit current
The same current flows through all components in a series circuit.
Series Circuit voltage
Series Circuit voltage
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Power Gain (Active)
Power Gain (Active)
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Power Gain (Passive)
Power Gain (Passive)
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Passive component examples
Passive component examples
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Active component examples
Active component examples
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Kirchhoff's First Law
Kirchhoff's First Law
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Kirchhoff's Second Law
Kirchhoff's Second Law
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Series Circuit
Series Circuit
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Parallel Circuit
Parallel Circuit
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Current Divider Rule
Current Divider Rule
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Voltage Divider Rule
Voltage Divider Rule
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Equivalent Resistance (Parallel)
Equivalent Resistance (Parallel)
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Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law
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Voltage Division Rule
Voltage Division Rule
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Voltage across a resistor in series
Voltage across a resistor in series
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Current Division in Parallel Circuit
Current Division in Parallel Circuit
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Current in a Parallel Branch
Current in a Parallel Branch
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Current Divider
Current Divider
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Total Resistance (Series)
Total Resistance (Series)
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Study Notes
Electric Charge
- Electric charge is a fundamental property of subatomic particles.
- It gives rise to forces in electric and magnetic fields.
- Two types exist: positive and negative.
- Protons are positively charged, electrons negatively charged.
- Like charges repel, unlike charges attract.
- A neutral state occurs when positive and negative charges cancel each other out.
Electric Charge as a Vector Quantity
- Electric charge is not a vector quantity.
- It is a scalar quantity.
- It has magnitude but no direction.
- Vector addition laws like the triangle law and parallelogram law do not apply.
Coulomb's Law
- Describes the strength of electrostatic force between two point charges.
- Force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- Formula: Fe = kq₁q₂ / r²
- k is Coulomb's constant (8.988 × 10⁹ N·m²/C²)
- q₁ and q₂ are electric charges
- r is the distance of separation.
Ampere
- Unit of electric current.
- One ampere (A) equals one coulomb (C) per second (s).
- Named after André-Marie Ampère, a French physicist and mathematician.
- Formula: A = C / s
Voltage
- Electrical pressure that pushes current through a circuit.
- Measured in volts (V).
- Voltage is also known as Electromotive Force (EMF).
- An example of voltage in a simple DC circuit is shown.
Voltage - Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC)
- AC voltage reverses direction regularly.
- Utilized by electrical grids world-wide and common in household appliances.
- DC voltage is unidirectional.
- Employed in battery-powered devices, like cell phones.
- Explained with diagrams demonstrating a sine wave for AC, and a flat line for DC.
Potential Difference
- A difference in potential energy between two points in a circuit.
- Often used synonymously with voltage.
- Measured in volts (V) and is a key concept in electronics.
- Useful to explain how voltage "pressure" moves charge/current through the circuit.
Work and Energy
- Work is the transfer of energy when a force moves an object.
- Measured in joules (J).
- Energy is the capacity to do work.
- Scalar quantity.
- Energy is conserved.
Active and Passive Components
- Active components provide or gain electric power.
- Examples include batteries, generators, transistors.
- Passive components only absorb electrical energy.
- Examples include resistors, inductors, capacitors.
Resistors in Series and Parallel Circuits
- Series circuits: Current is the same in all components, voltages add up.
- Parallel circuits: Voltage is the same across all components, currents add up.
- Formulas for calculating total resistance for series and parallel circuits are provided.
Capacitors in Series and Parallel Circuits
- Series circuits: The reciprocal of the total capacitance is the sum of the reciprocals of the individual capacitances.
- Parallel Circuits: Total capacitance is the sum of the individual capacitances.
- Formulas are provided for calculating the total capacitance for both series and parallel circuits.
Inductors
- Inductance opposes changes in current, inducing an electromotive force (EMF) in the coil.
- The unit of inductance (L) is Henry (H).
- The rate of change of current produces a change in the magnetic field that induces an EMF in the opposite direction.
Mutual Inductance
- Phenomenon where the varying magnetic field of a coil induces an EMF in a nearby coil.
- The induced EMF is related to the rate of change of current in the primary coil.
- Mutual inductance (M) is a measure of the amount of voltage induced in the secondary coil.
Kirchhoff's Laws
- Current Law (1st Law): The sum of currents entering a junction equals the sum of currents leaving.
- Voltage Law (2nd Law): The sum of voltages around a closed loop equals zero.
- These laws describe relations in relationships in systems of electrical circuit components.
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