Sialectasis Diagnosis and Treatment
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of salivary secretion is produced by the parotid gland?

45%

What is the main function of salivary amylase in the oral cavity?

Starch digestion

What is the analogy of sialectasis in the respiratory system?

Bronchiectasis

What is the usual presentation of mumps in a child?

<p>Bilateral painful parotid gland swelling with fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predisposing factor for acute suppurative sialadenitis?

<p>Poor oral hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range for childhood sialectasis to resolve?

<p>After the age of 15 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment approach for acute attacks of infection in sialectasis?

<p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the self-limiting nature of viral parotitis?

<p>The disease resolves on its own</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cases of autoimmune salivary diseases develop lymphomas?

<p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of instillation of artificial tears in the treatment of autoimmune salivary diseases?

<p>To combat eye dryness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the next step if a patient with autoimmune salivary diseases develops a palpable mass in the parotid?

<p>Needle biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for enlargement of the salivary gland due to metabolic reasons?

<p>Sialosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of lip biopsy in the diagnosis of autoimmune salivary diseases?

<p>To examine the minor salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of parotid sialography in the diagnosis of autoimmune salivary diseases?

<p>Shows narrowed ducts and punctate sialectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for submandibular salivary fistula?

<p>Submandibular sialadenectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of salivary gland enlargement?

<p>Drugs such as sulfisoxazole, phenylbutazone, and iodide containing compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the method used to visualize the dilated ducts and branches in the diagnosis of sialectasis?

<p>Cannulation of the salivary duct and instillation of contrast material, followed by taking films before and after the patient sucks a lemon for several minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial treatment approach for sialectasis?

<p>Conservative treatment, including stimulation of salivary flow by citrus drinks and massage of the affected gland to remove epithelial debris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of radiation-induced sialadenitis?

<p>Radiation to the nasopharynx or skull base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic manifestation of Sjogren's disease?

<p>Dryness of the mouth (xerostomia) and dryness of the eye (xerophthalmia, keratoconjunctivitis sicca).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the suspected etiology of Sjogren's disease?

<p>Cytomegalovirus affecting the ducts of the salivary glands, making them antigenic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the increased risk of Sjogren's disease patients compared to the general population?

<p>44 times more prone to the development of lymphoma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of benign lymphoepithelial lesions?

<p>Progressive lymphocytic infiltration and diffuse enlargement of the salivary glands, particularly the submandibular and parotid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treatment in Sjogren's disease?

<p>Management of symptoms, such as dryness of the mouth and eye, and prevention of complications like lymphoma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Salivary Gland Disorders

  • Sialectasis is a congenital disease characterized by degeneration of the alveolar and duct system, resulting in dilated ducts and alveoli.
  • The disease is often unilateral and recurrent, and affected children are initially diagnosed as having mumps.
  • Infections, such as viral parotitis and acute bacterial sialadenitis, can cause salivary gland swelling.
  • Viral parotitis is a common cause of salivary gland swelling, characterized by bilateral painful parotid gland swelling with fever in children.

Sjogren's Disease

  • Sjogren's disease is an autoimmune disease that affects the salivary glands, causing dryness of the mouth (xerostomia) and dryness of the eyes (xerophthalmia, keratoconjunctivitis sicca).
  • The disease is more common in women and can also cause rheumatoid arthritis and salivary gland discomfort.
  • The aetiology is not exactly known, but it is thought to be caused by a cytomegalovirus that affects the ducts of the salivary glands, making them antigenic.
  • Patients with Sjogren's disease are 44 times more prone to developing lymphoma than the general population.

Treatment of Salivary Gland Disorders

  • Initial treatment of sialectasis is conservative, involving citrus drinks to stimulate salivary flow and massage to remove epithelial debris.
  • Antibiotics are used to treat infections, and surgical excision of the gland is rarely required.
  • Sjogren's disease is treated with artificial tears to combat eye dryness, meticulous oral hygiene, and needle biopsy to diagnose lymphoma.

Functions of Saliva

  • Food lubrication to allow swallowing
  • Cleaning the mouth
  • Starch digestion by salivary amylase
  • Mediates taste sensation
  • Antimicrobial
  • Maintenance of tooth integrity

Salivary Gland Anatomy

  • The salivary glands produce 1-1.5 L of saliva per day
  • 45% of saliva is produced by the parotid gland
  • 45% of saliva is produced by the submandibular gland
  • 5% of saliva is produced by the sublingual gland
  • 5% of saliva is produced by minor salivary glands

Non-Neoplastic Salivary Gland Diseases

  • Congenital diseases: aplasia, ectopic parotid tissue, cystic hygroma, and sialectasis
  • Infections: viral parotitis, acute bacterial sialadenitis, and recurrent subacute and chronic sialadenitis
  • Salivary stones
  • Salivary fistula
  • Degenerative diseases
  • Autoimmune salivary diseases
  • Drug-induced, endocrine, and metabolic salivary gland enlargement

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Description

This quiz covers the diagnosis and treatment of sialectasis, including the use of contrast material to visualize the ducts and branches, and conservative treatment methods.

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