Questions and Answers
What condition is characterized by decreased subacromial space and can lead to impingement?
Which muscle group is primarily responsible for producing shoulder instability due to weakness?
What is closely associated with anterior bony stability in the shoulder joint?
Which assessment test is commonly used to evaluate shoulder impingement?
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How does thoracic posture influence scapular movement?
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Which characteristic is typical of tonic muscles during movement?
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Which stretching technique showed a greater improvement in internal rotation compared to others?
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What positions are recommended for restoring upper and lower trapezius muscle imbalances?
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What technique was found to significantly reduce upper trapezius muscle activity?
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Which evidence level supports the use of eccentric rotator cuff training?
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What was the conclusion regarding Kinesio Taping in comparison to other interventions?
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Which of the following positions is optimal for stretching the upper and lower parts of the posterior capsule?
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Which muscle is typically considered a phasic system muscle associated with being prone to weakness?
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What is a common consequence of tight pectoralis minor muscles?
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Which assessment test is NOT typically used for evaluating shoulder impingement?
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Which of the following represents a characteristic of two-joint muscles?
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What finding would indicate weakness in both the serratus anterior and rhomboids?
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Which muscle group is more likely to be associated with tightness affecting thoracic posture?
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Which test is used to assess the integrity of the subscapularis?
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What is an indicator of improper scapular motion often due to muscle imbalances?
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Study Notes
Stretch Techniques and Efficacy
- Cross-body stretch significantly improves internal rotation compared to sleeper stretch.
- Eight fresh-frozen cadaver shoulders studied for strain in various stretching positions at specific elevations (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°) in the scapular plane.
Stretching Outcomes
- 30° scaption with internal rotation primarily stretches upper and middle parts of the posterior capsule.
- 30° extension with internal rotation targets upper and lower parts of the posterior capsule.
Muscle Imbalance Restoration
- Optimal positions for Upper Trapezius/Lower Trapezius (UT/LT) muscle imbalance include stretches A, B, and C.
- For Upper Trapezius/Middle Trapezius (UT/MT) imbalances, stretches A, B, and D are most effective.
- Voluntary contraction of middle and lower trapezius recommended (Grade B).
Eccentric Training Evidence
- Eccentric rotator cuff training holds a Level B evidence rating, particularly effective at 90° abduction for both external and internal rotation.
- Rowing motions at 90° abduction also rated Grade B.
Manual Therapy and Taping
- Scapula taping significantly reduces upper trapezius fiber activity according to electromyographic studies.
- Kinesio Taping found comparable efficacy to other interventions (Parreira et al., 2014).
Muscle Characteristics
- Tonic system muscles are susceptible to tightness and are generally one-joint muscles.
- Phasic system muscles are prone to weakness and are typically two-joint muscles.
- Tonic muscles include suboccipitals, pectoralis major/minor, upper trapezius, and levator scapulae.
- Phasic muscles include middle/lower trapezius, rhomboids, serratus anterior, deep cervical flexors, and upper-extremity extensors.
Glenohumeral Mechanics
- Weakness in serratus anterior, rhomboids, or trapezius can lead to scapular dyskinesis.
- Tightness of pectoralis minor can hinder scapular motion and contribute to shoulder instability.
Acromion and Impingement Tests
- Normal acromion space should be less than 25.4 mm (1 inch).
- Tests for shoulder impingement include Neer’s, Hawkins-Kennedy, Yocum, Supraspinatus (Empty can), Drop-arm, Lift-off (subscapularis), and Belly-press.
Post-ACL Reconstruction Context
- Discusses the importance of addressing glenohumeral motion patterns and joint stability post-ACL reconstruction.
- Factors influencing shoulder stability include scapular internal rotation and muscle fatigue, creating potential for instability and impingement.
Muscle System Functions
- Tonic muscles are phylogenetically older, flexor or postural-oriented, and prone to tightness and shortening.
- Phasic muscles are phylogenetically younger, generally extensor muscles, and exhibit weakness and delayed activation in movement.
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Description
This quiz explores the findings of a research study on shoulder stretching techniques, specifically comparing the effectiveness of the cross-body stretch and sleeper stretch in improving internal rotation. It detail the conditions and measurements taken during the experiments with cadaver shoulders. Test your knowledge on the implications of this study and its relevance to shoulder mobility.
