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Questions and Answers
Which ligament connects the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula?
Which ligament connects the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula?
What structure provides the most strength for the AC joint?
What structure provides the most strength for the AC joint?
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
Which ligament helps to deepen the glenoid fossa?
Which ligament helps to deepen the glenoid fossa?
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What is the primary function of the coracoacromial ligament?
What is the primary function of the coracoacromial ligament?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for abduction of the arm beyond the initial 15 degrees?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for abduction of the arm beyond the initial 15 degrees?
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What is the primary action of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
What is the primary action of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
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Which of the following muscles is innervated by the axillary nerve?
Which of the following muscles is innervated by the axillary nerve?
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Which type of shoulder dislocation is most common?
Which type of shoulder dislocation is most common?
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What muscle facilitates retraction of the scapula?
What muscle facilitates retraction of the scapula?
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Which of the following movements is NOT a primary movement of the scapulothoracic joint?
Which of the following movements is NOT a primary movement of the scapulothoracic joint?
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Which of the following options correctly describes the movement of the inferior angle of the scapula during upward rotation?
Which of the following options correctly describes the movement of the inferior angle of the scapula during upward rotation?
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Which ligament is NOT directly involved in supporting the glenohumeral joint?
Which ligament is NOT directly involved in supporting the glenohumeral joint?
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What is the primary function of the transverse humeral ligament?
What is the primary function of the transverse humeral ligament?
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Which of the following situations would most likely result in an AC joint separation?
Which of the following situations would most likely result in an AC joint separation?
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What is the primary function of the supraspinatus muscle?
What is the primary function of the supraspinatus muscle?
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What is the most common muscle affected in a rotator cuff tear?
What is the most common muscle affected in a rotator cuff tear?
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What is the primary function of the rotator cuff muscles?
What is the primary function of the rotator cuff muscles?
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What is the most common clinical presentation of a supraspinatus tendon tear?
What is the most common clinical presentation of a supraspinatus tendon tear?
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What is the main cause of winged scapula?
What is the main cause of winged scapula?
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Which of the following is NOT a common cause of long thoracic nerve damage?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of long thoracic nerve damage?
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Which of the following is a true statement about the axillary artery?
Which of the following is a true statement about the axillary artery?
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Which of the following structures DOES NOT contribute to the stability of the glenohumeral joint?
Which of the following structures DOES NOT contribute to the stability of the glenohumeral joint?
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What is the primary treatment for a mild rotator cuff tear?
What is the primary treatment for a mild rotator cuff tear?
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Which of the following is the best treatment for winged scapula?
Which of the following is the best treatment for winged scapula?
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What is the primary function of the serratus anterior muscle?
What is the primary function of the serratus anterior muscle?
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Which nerve innervates the pectoralis major muscle?
Which nerve innervates the pectoralis major muscle?
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What is the action associated with the subscapularis muscle?
What is the action associated with the subscapularis muscle?
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Which artery supplies blood to the serratus anterior muscle?
Which artery supplies blood to the serratus anterior muscle?
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What is a consequence of an injury to the long thoracic nerve?
What is a consequence of an injury to the long thoracic nerve?
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What action does the supraspinatus muscle perform?
What action does the supraspinatus muscle perform?
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Which nerve innervates the infraspinatus muscle?
Which nerve innervates the infraspinatus muscle?
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What is the blood supply for the teres major muscle?
What is the blood supply for the teres major muscle?
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What is the action of the teres minor muscle?
What is the action of the teres minor muscle?
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Which muscle is responsible for flexing, adducting, and medially rotating the humerus?
Which muscle is responsible for flexing, adducting, and medially rotating the humerus?
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Which muscle is commonly associated with the rotator cuff?
Which muscle is commonly associated with the rotator cuff?
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What prevents the elevation of the lateral angle of the scapula?
What prevents the elevation of the lateral angle of the scapula?
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Which of the following muscles is primarily involved in lateral rotation of the humerus?
Which of the following muscles is primarily involved in lateral rotation of the humerus?
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Which artery branches directly from the subclavian artery?
Which artery branches directly from the subclavian artery?
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What is the primary function of the suprascapular artery?
What is the primary function of the suprascapular artery?
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Which artery runs over the transverse scapular ligament?
Which artery runs over the transverse scapular ligament?
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Which of the following arteries is NOT a branch of the Thyrocervical trunk?
Which of the following arteries is NOT a branch of the Thyrocervical trunk?
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What does the circumflex scapular artery branch from?
What does the circumflex scapular artery branch from?
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Which space is indicated by the phrase 'Army over, Navy under'?
Which space is indicated by the phrase 'Army over, Navy under'?
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What are the branches of the thoracoacromial artery?
What are the branches of the thoracoacromial artery?
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Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the long head of the triceps brachii?
Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the long head of the triceps brachii?
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What is the name of the bony prominence located on the anterior surface of the humerus, just below the lesser tubercle?
What is the name of the bony prominence located on the anterior surface of the humerus, just below the lesser tubercle?
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What is the name of the joint that is located between the acromial end of the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula?
What is the name of the joint that is located between the acromial end of the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula?
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Which of the following is NOT a ligament associated with the sternoclavicular joint?
Which of the following is NOT a ligament associated with the sternoclavicular joint?
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Which of the following is a synovial ball and socket joint with a wide range of motion?
Which of the following is a synovial ball and socket joint with a wide range of motion?
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Which bony landmark is found on the posterior surface of the scapula?
Which bony landmark is found on the posterior surface of the scapula?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a clavicle fracture?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a clavicle fracture?
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What is the name of the bony prominence located on the lateral surface of the scapula?
What is the name of the bony prominence located on the lateral surface of the scapula?
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Which structure contributes to the stability of the shoulder joint by rotating and stabilizing the humerus?
Which structure contributes to the stability of the shoulder joint by rotating and stabilizing the humerus?
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Which of these is true about the Basilic vein?
Which of these is true about the Basilic vein?
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What is the name of the bony structure that forms the socket of the shoulder joint?
What is the name of the bony structure that forms the socket of the shoulder joint?
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Study Notes
Shoulder & Pectoral Region
- The presentation covers the anatomy of the shoulder and pectoral region.
- Learning objectives include identifying palpable landmarks, describing joints, muscles, blood supply, and their role in shoulder movements.
- The anatomy of the sternoclavicular joint and its role in shoulder movements is detailed.
- The glenohumeral (shoulder) joint, surrounding bursae, and movements are described.
- Muscles of the shoulder, their attachments, actions, and innervations are listed.
- The rotator cuff muscles and their role in supporting the glenohumeral joint are explained.
- Quadrangular and triangular spaces, including the triangular interval, and the structures passing through them are described.
- Blood supply and venous drainage of the shoulder, including the three primary vessels that supply collateral circulation, are noted.
- Features of the scapula, clavicle, and humerus on radiographs are identifiable.
- The position of the breast on the chest wall, related to the skin, superficial fascia, and pectoral muscles, is explained.
- Clavicle fracture presentation, including the mechanism, presentation, and treatment options are discussed.
Osteology and Joints
- This section focuses on the skeletal structures and joints related to the shoulder.
- The bones of the shoulder and their key features, including landmarks, are examined.
- The anatomy and function of various joints associated with the shoulder are discussed.
Surface Anatomy
- The anterior and posterior surface anatomy of the shoulder region are presented visually with labels.
- Diagrams or images show relevant muscles and features.
- Muscles like the Trapezius, Deltoid, Biceps Brachii, Pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and Triceps Brachii are among those illustrated, as well as related veins and nerves.
Anterior Osteology / Posterior Osteology
- Images illustrating the bones of the shoulder, including the humerus, clavicle, and scapula, along with their key landmarks, such as anatomical neck, greater tubercle etc.
- In the posterior osteology images, the scapula, clavicle, and humerus are labeled.
Learning Objectives
- Palpable landmarks for physical examination and clinical procedures are important.
- Sternoclavicular joint anatomy and its function in shoulder movements will be covered.
- Anatomy of the glenohumeral joint, including bursae and movements, will be described.
- Muscles of the shoulder and their actions and innervations are included.
- Key muscles of the rotator cuff are explained in relation to their impact on the glenohumeral joint.
Shoulder Separations (Acromioclavicular)
- Separation of the acromial end of the clavicle from the acromion process of the scapula.
- Common mechanisms are direct blows, during contact sports, with presentation of AC joint dislocation.
Glenohumeral Joint
- Structure, function, relationship of the glenoid fossa and humeral head
Glenohumeral Ligaments
- Coracohumeral ligament connects the coracoid process to the greater tubercle of humerus.
- Transverse humeral ligament helps to convert intertubercular sulcus into a canal.
Glenohumeral Joint Movements
- Describes flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation.
Glenohumeral Joint Movement
- The ways in which the humerus moves in relation to the shoulder girdle, (i.e flexion, extension, abduction, etc.) to maintain function
Shoulder Dislocations
- Types and presentations, locations of dislocations.
- Dislocation of the head of the humerus from the glenoid fossa is discussed.
- Excessive extension and lateral rotation of the humerus can contribute to dislocations
Scapulothoracic Joint
- Explains that it is not a true synovial joint
- It connects the scapula to the thoracic cage, enabling its movement.
- Describes how the Serratus anterior muscle facilitates scapula retraction.
Scapulothoracic Joint Movement
- Discusses the movements of the scapula, including elevation, depression, abduction, adduction, downward rotation, and upward rotation.
Musculature
- The muscles of the shoulder region, including the Trapezius, Latissimus dorsi, Deltoid, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis, Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor, and Serratus anterior, are examined.
- Detailed muscle attachments, actions, innervation, and blood supply are included.
Donor Images
- Images of anatomical structures are included, often used for visual reference or comparison.
Arteries
- Presentation of the major arteries in the shoulder region, including the subclavian, axillary, and their branches (thoracic, circumflex, etc.) are included.
Veins
- The superficial veins (cephalic, basilic, median cubital) draining the shoulder and arm region are noted.
Anatomy of the Breast
- The structure of the mammary gland (lobules, ducts, areola, nipple) is examined.
- The supportive tissues (Cooper ligaments, fatty tissue, connective tissues) are noted as components.
Blood Vessels of Breast
- Arterial supply to the breast (internal thoracic and lateral thoracic arteries) is detailed.
- Venous drainage of the breast (internal thoracic and lateral thoracic veins) are noted.
Breast Quadrants
- The breast is divided into quadrants for better description and location of abnormalities.
Breast Lymphatics
- The lymphatic drainage patterns in the breast region.
- Lymphatic pathways, directional flow, and associated nodes (axillary, parasternal, and some abdominal)
Breast Cancer
- Malignant tumors in the breast originate from mammary cells, usually adenocarcinomas that spread around the breast through the lymphatic vessels
- Key symptoms, such as changes to the nipple, skin dimpling, and treatment are described.
Spaces
- Suprascapular Notch: Containing the suprascapular nerve and artery
- Quadrangular Space: Containing the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery
- Triangular Interval: Containing the radial nerve and deep artery of the arm
Rotator Cuff Tear
- Tears in the supraspinatus tendon are common, often resulting from repetitive use or overhead activity.
- Presentation and treatment are discussed
Rotator Cuff
- Defines the musculotendinous cuff around the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint and its crucial role in maintaining shoulder stability, protecting the joint, and blending with other tissues such as the joint capsule.
- The four muscles of the Rotator Cuff are described and their primary function in rotator arm movement. (Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis)
Quiz Time
- A section used for review of the materials covered.
Anatomy Diagrams
- Images or diagrams showcasing the anatomy of the shoulder region, often labeled to identify specific structures, such as the muscles and nerves.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the anatomy of the shoulder and pectoral region, covering key aspects such as muscles, joints, and blood supply. You'll explore the structure and function of the sternoclavicular and glenohumeral joints, as well as the rotator cuff muscles and their important role in shoulder stability. Additionally, you'll identify landmarks and features on radiographs.
