Shoulder and Elbow

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Which test is used to assess for proximal biceps tendon injuries?

Speed's test and Yergason test (correct)

Spurling's Maneuver

O'Brien test

Adson's test

How is the O'Brien test conducted?

Abduct the shoulder and open/close the fist for 3 minutes

Place the arm in 90 degrees forward flexion, adduction to 10 degrees, and resist thumb down movement (correct)

Place the arm in 90 degrees abduction and resist thumb up movement

Extend and rotate the neck to the affected side, then pull the arm back

Which test is used to assess for acromioclavicular (AC) joint pathology?

Spurling's maneuver

Scarf or crossover test (correct)

Speed's test

Yergason test

How is Adson's test performed to check for thoracic outlet syndrome?

Extend and rotate the neck to the affected side, then pull the arm back Signup and view all the answers

Which maneuver is used to assess for brachial plexus injuries?

Spurling's maneuver Signup and view all the answers

The Elevated Arm Stress Test (EAST) is used to assess for which condition?

Thoracic outlet syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What should the provider ask about in the patient intake process?

The mechanism of injury leading to pain onset Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is NOT a major muscle involved in shoulder extension?

Biceps brachii Signup and view all the answers

What does the Lift-off Test check for in the shoulder?

Subscapularis weakness Signup and view all the answers

Which motion is NOT included in the shoulder's range of motion?

Circumduction Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the major muscle for shoulder abduction?

Supraspinatus Signup and view all the answers

What does the Yergason Test assess in the shoulder?

Biceps tendon injuries Signup and view all the answers

What is the gold standard for diagnosing a rotator cuff tear?

MRI Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a treatment option for a grade 1 or 2 acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation?

Surgical fixation Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common rotator cuff muscle to be torn?

Supraspinatus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common presentation of a rotator cuff tear?

Severe swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common mechanism of injury for a humeral shaft fracture?

Both direct blow or FOOSH Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is used to classify a proximal humeral fracture?

Neer classification Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure is involved in a Hill-Sachs lesion?

The head of the humerus Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for an acute shoulder dislocation?

Reduction of the dislocation followed by immobilization Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is described for reducing a shoulder dislocation?

Stimson's technique Signup and view all the answers

What is the grading system used to classify the severity of an AC joint separation?

Grade 1 to 6 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common presentation of an AC joint separation?

Tenderness over the AC joint and pain with abduction Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential finding on physical examination in an AC joint separation?

Step-off deformity at the AC joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the gold standard diagnostic imaging for a clavicle fracture?

AP and cephalic tilt view x-ray Signup and view all the answers

Which presentation is most likely associated with a proximal biceps tendon rupture?

Complaints of painful clicks and pops Signup and view all the answers

In a clavicle fracture, when is surgical referral needed?

If there is neurovascular compromise Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common mechanism of injury for a clavicle fracture?

A fall on an outstretched arm Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with the need for NSAIDs, rest, and potential surgical repair if not healing?

SLAP lesions Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely complaint of patients experiencing burner-stingers?

Temporary tingling down the arm Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic gold standard for impingement syndrome?

Pain relief after corticosteroid injection Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by an idiopathic loss of active and passive range of motion?

Adhesive capsulitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for adhesive capsulitis?

History of shoulder dislocation Signup and view all the answers

Which special test would be positive for acromioclavicular (AC) joint involvement in shoulder osteoarthritis?

Scarf test Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic presentation of shoulder instability?

Reporting the shoulder slipping out of the joint Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most commonly due to congenital abnormalities?

Thoracic outlet syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which special test would be positive in thoracic outlet syndrome?

Both Adson's test and EAST Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of adhesive capsulitis would a patient experience decreasing comfort and slow increase in range of motion?

Thawing phase Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is NOT recommended for impingement syndrome?

Surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which radiographic finding is associated with shoulder instability?

Both Hill-Sacks and Bankart lesions Signup and view all the answers

What is a common presentation of AC joint osteoarthritis?

Pain with lying on the affected side Signup and view all the answers

Which special test would be positive for a patient with proximal biceps tendonitis?

Speed's test and Yergason's test Signup and view all the answers

Which physical exam finding is commonly associated with shoulder osteoarthritis in the AC joint?

Decreased range of motion with crepitus Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is NOT recommended for patients with proximal biceps tendonitis?

Steroid injection Signup and view all the answers

What angle is considered normal for the carrying angle of the elbow?

Between 10-15 degrees Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of elbow arthritis mentioned in the text?

Psoriatic arthritis Signup and view all the answers

Which special test is used to check for medial collateral ligament (MCL) instability of the elbow?

Valgus test Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nerve responsible for elbow extension?

C7 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common presentation of elbow osteoarthritis?

Pain, stiffness, and joint space narrowing with osteophytes on imaging Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common presentation of an Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear?

A pop with pain after an overhead pitch Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for Medial Epicondylitis, also known as Golfer's elbow?

NSAIDs and forearm compression Signup and view all the answers

What is the gold standard diagnostic imaging for an Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear?

MRI Signup and view all the answers

Which special test would be positive for an Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear?

Valgus stress testing Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common treatment for an Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear?

Physical therapy and non-surgical intervention Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow?

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of an Olecranon Fracture?

A fall on the outstretched arm/elbow Signup and view all the answers

Which presentation may indicate a patient has Septic Arthritis rather than gout?

High WBC count on fluid analysis and fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for lateral epicondylitis?

Tennis Elbow Signup and view all the answers

Which injury is most common in pediatric patients involving the elbow?

Supracondylar Fracture Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a carrying angle greater than 15 degrees at the elbow?

Cubitus valgus Signup and view all the answers

What muscle condition is assessed by performing resisted wrist flexion?

Medial epicondylitis Signup and view all the answers

Which test is performed to evaluate MCL stability at the elbow?

Vargus test Signup and view all the answers

What is the common presentation of olecranon bursitis?

Swollen bursa with pain Signup and view all the answers

What should be checked if a patient presents with an olecranon fracture?

Function of the ulnar nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which direction are 90% of olecranon dislocations typically?

Posterior Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for olecranon bursitis?

Compression sleeve and NSAIDs Signup and view all the answers

In cases of olecranon dislocation, what must the provider check for due to potential associated fractures?

Ulnar nerve function Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of an Olecranon Dislocation?

Immediate trauma such as a fall on the outstretched arm/elbow Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve root is responsible for controlling finger flexion?

C8 nerve root Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motion associated with the C7 nerve root?

Elbow extension and wrist flexion Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve root provides sensory innervation to the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers?

C7 nerve root Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motion associated with the C6 nerve root?

Elbow flexion and wrist extension Signup and view all the answers

Which special test is used to diagnose cervical disk herniation or spondylosis?

Spurling's Maneuver Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motion associated with the C5 nerve root?

Shoulder abduction and elbow flexion Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve root provides sensory innervation to the medial elbow?

T1 nerve root Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve root provides sensory innervation to the 5th finger?