Shoulder anatomy-history 110 : observation 160 : examination  340 : tests 835
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a prerequisite to any treatment of a patient with shoulder pain?

  • Knowledge of the pain pattern
  • Evaluation of the thoracic spine
  • Assessment of the cervical spine
  • A comprehensive picture of the signs and symptoms (correct)
  • What can cause shoulder pain?

  • Intrinsic disease of the shoulder joints
  • Pathology in periarticular structures
  • Originating from the cervical spine
  • All of the above (correct)
  • Why is the assessment of the shoulder complex difficult?

  • Many structures located in a small area
  • Many movements of the shoulder
  • Many possible lesions inside or outside the joints
  • All of the above (correct)
  • What influences make the examination of the shoulder region even more difficult?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures should be evaluated in addition to the shoulder region?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can play a significant role in the pathology of the shoulder?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament controls the vertical motion of the clavicle?

    <p>Interclavicular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resting position of the acromioclavicular joint?

    <p>90 degrees adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the sternoclavicular joint?

    <p>Suprascapular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main ligament maintaining the integrity of the sternoclavicular joint?

    <p>Costoclavicular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint enables the humerus in the glenoid to move through a full 180 degrees of abduction?

    <p>Sternoclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resting position of the scapulothoracic joint?

    <p>90 degrees adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most likely to experience rotator cuff degeneration?

    <p>Between 40 and 60 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are indicative factors of rotator cuff tears?

    <p>External rotation weakness, night pain, and age over 65</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age group is primary impingement usually seen in?

    <p>Over 65 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age group is secondary impingement more common in?

    <p>Under 20 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age may calcium deposits occur?

    <p>Between 20 and 40 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is frozen shoulder resulting from causes other than trauma seen?

    <p>Between 45 and 60 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is the most important in stabilizing the glenohumeral joint?

    <p>Inferior glenohumeral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament limits lateral rotation between 45° and 90° of abduction?

    <p>Middle glenohumeral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament limits inferior translation in adduction and restrains anterior translation and lateral rotation up to 45° of abduction?

    <p>Superior glenohumeral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ligament primarily limits inferior translation and helps to limit lateral rotation below 60° of abduction?

    <p>Coracohumeral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ligament forms an arch over the humeral head, acting as a block to superior translation?

    <p>Coracoacromial ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most limited motion of the glenohumeral joint according to the capsular pattern?

    <p>Lateral rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint primarily depends on muscles and ligaments for its support, stability, and integrity?

    <p>Glenohumeral joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the labrum in the glenohumeral joint?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resting position of the glenohumeral joint?

    <p>55° of abduction and 30° of horizontal adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the close packed position of the glenohumeral joint?

    <p>Full abduction and lateral rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle of torsion in the humeral head relative to the line joining the epicondyles?

    <p>25° to 30°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which athletes commonly have greater retrotorsion in the humeral head?

    <p>Pitchers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most likely to experience rotator cuff degeneration?

    <p>Between 40 and 60 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most limited motion of the glenohumeral joint according to the capsular pattern?

    <p>Internal rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle of torsion in the humeral head relative to the line joining the epicondyles?

    <p>0 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the labrum in the glenohumeral joint?

    <p>To provide stability to the joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can play a significant role in the pathology of the shoulder?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main ligament maintaining the integrity of the sternoclavicular joint?

    <p>Sternoclavicular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age may calcium deposits occur?

    <p>Between 20 and 30 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is frozen shoulder resulting from causes other than trauma seen?

    <p>Between 45 and 60 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause shoulder pain?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences make the examination of the shoulder region even more difficult?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of shoulder pain?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes the assessment of the shoulder complex difficult?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most likely to experience shoulder impingement?

    <p>Middle-aged adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures should be evaluated in addition to the shoulder region?

    <p>Cervical spine and thoracic spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most limited motion of the glenohumeral joint according to the capsular pattern?

    <p>Internal rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can play a significant role in the pathology of the shoulder?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament supports the acromioclavicular joint anteriorly and posteriorly?

    <p>Interclavicular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is responsible for controlling the movements of the scapula?

    <p>Scapulothoracic joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the sternoclavicular joint?

    <p>Anterior supraclavicular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resting position of the sternoclavicular joint?

    <p>Same as the acromioclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament prevents medial displacement of the clavicle in the sternoclavicular joint?

    <p>Anterior sternoclavicular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the scapulothoracic joint?

    <p>Controlling movements of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament helps to stabilize the long head of the biceps as it passes over the joint line?

    <p>Superior glenohumeral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle between the humeral neck and shaft in adults?

    <p>130°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resting position of the glenohumeral joint?

    <p>55° of abduction and 30° of horizontal adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the labrum in the glenohumeral joint?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative position of the humeral head and the axis of the elbow at the distal humerus called?

    <p>Humeral torsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles and ligaments primarily support the glenohumeral joint?

    <p>Muscles and ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most likely to experience rotator cuff degeneration?

    <p>Middle-aged adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range in which rotator cuff tears are more likely to be seen?

    <p>Over 65 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are indicative factors of rotator cuff tears?

    <p>Positive painful arc sign, positive drop-arm sign, and weakness in shoulder lateral rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range in which primary impingement due to degeneration and weakness is usually seen?

    <p>35 years and above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age group is secondary impingement due to instability caused by weakness in the scapular or humeral control muscles more common in?

    <p>Young adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age may calcium deposits occur?

    <p>40-60 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is the primary support of the acromioclavicular joint?

    <p>Coracoclavicular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the superior glenohumeral ligament?

    <p>Limiting inferior translation in adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament limits lateral rotation between 45° and 90° of abduction?

    <p>Middle glenohumeral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is the most important in stabilizing the shoulder?

    <p>Inferior glenohumeral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament primarily limits inferior translation and helps to limit lateral rotation below 60° of abduction?

    <p>Inferior glenohumeral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament helps to stabilize the long head of biceps and limits inferior translation of the acromioclavicular joint?

    <p>Coracohumeral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is primary impingement usually seen in?

    <p>Adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range when calcium deposits may occur?

    <p>20-30 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range when chondrosarcomas may be seen?

    <p>30-40 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range when frozen shoulder resulting from causes other than trauma is seen?

    <p>45-60 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range when overuse damage to the proximal humeral physis may be seen?

    <p>10-20 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of injury when the patient falls on or receives a blow to the tip of the shoulder?

    <p>Acromioclavicular dislocation or subluxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when the patient supports the upper limb in a protected position or hesitates to move it?

    <p>Unstable shoulder complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary support of the acromioclavicular joint?

    <p>Acromioclavicular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ligament primarily limits inferior translation and helps to limit lateral rotation below 60° of abduction?

    <p>Superior glenohumeral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ligament forms an arch over the humeral head, acting as a block to superior translation?

    <p>Superior glenohumeral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement may cause pain in the shoulder due to cervical spine movements?

    <p>Lateral rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle tends to be overactive during elevation activities with subacromial impingement?

    <p>Pectoralis minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be asked regarding instability of the shoulder?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be asked if the patient complains of pain with overhead activity, especially if the patient is an athlete?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movement may cause pain in an unstable and painful shoulder when the hand is placed behind the head with the elbow backward?

    <p>Medial rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movement may cause pain in an unstable and painful shoulder when carrying a heavy weight with the arm extended along the body?

    <p>Lateral rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movement may cause pain in recurrent dislocators when the humeral head is 'tightened' against the anterior glenoid?

    <p>Medial rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pain may be caused by pathology of the long head of biceps?

    <p>Anterior pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movement may cause pain in the shoulder due to cervical spine movements?

    <p>Lateral rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle tends to be overactive during elevation activities with subacromial impingement?

    <p>Pectoralis minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms may indicate vascular involvement in the upper limb?

    <p>Swelling and stiffness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may lead to thoracic outlet syndrome, axillary artery occlusion, effort thrombosis, or pressure in the quadrilateral space?

    <p>Dislocation of the glenohumeral joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve may be injured as it passes through the suprascapular notch, leading to atrophy and paralysis of the supra- and infraspinatus muscles?

    <p>Suprascapular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve injury may result in atrophy and weakness or paralysis of the deltoid and teres minor muscles?

    <p>Axillary (circumflex) nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve injury may affect the extensors of the elbow, wrist, and fingers, as well as alter sensation in its sensory distribution?

    <p>Radial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which shoulder is usually lower than the nondominant shoulder and may have a different range of motion?

    <p>Dominant shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the scapulothoracic joint?

    <p>To allow movement of the scapula on the thorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament limits lateral rotation between 45° and 90° of abduction?

    <p>Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures should be evaluated in addition to the shoulder region?

    <p>The entire upper limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms may indicate nerve injury in the shoulder region?

    <p>Paresthesia and numbness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of the dead-arm syndrome, characterized by sudden paralyzing pain and weakness in the shoulder?

    <p>Excessive abduction and lateral rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe altered shoulder mechanics, commonly involving a tight posterior capsule, altered arthrokinematics of the glenohumeral joint, and scapular dyskinesia?

    <p>SICK scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe pain during specific phases of pitching, indicating anterior instability even in the presence of minimal clinical signs?

    <p>Primary impingement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe pain that is often related to rotator cuff tears and on occasion to tumors, and is typically worse at night?

    <p>Resting pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of paratenonitis or tendinosis, often seen in skiers and cross-country skiers?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities may indicate nerve root pain in the shoulder?

    <p>Elevating the arm over the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities may exacerbate shoulder problems in patients with instability or inflammatory conditions?

    <p>Lifting the arm over the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following signs could indicate an injury to the sternoclavicular joint or a posterior dislocation of the joint?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is important to determine in swimmers and baseball pitchers to assess shoulder problems?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe chronic overuse damage to the structures of the shoulder in elite swimmers?

    <p>Repetitive microtrauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle provides an origin for the rotator cuff muscles as well as the biceps and triceps muscles?

    <p>Trapezius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause inflammation of the paratenon in the shoulder?

    <p>Wide bicipital groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may snapping or clunking sound during abduction and adduction indicate in the shoulder?

    <p>Scapular dyskinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can atrophy of the upper trapezius indicate in the shoulder?

    <p>Spinal accessory nerve palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can atrophy of the supraspinatus or infraspinatus indicate in the shoulder?

    <p>Supraspinous nerve palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe abnormal positions of the scapula like tilting, winging, or dysrhythmia?

    <p>Scapular dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common anomalous muscle in the axillary fossa?

    <p>Langer Axillary Arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What deformity may be caused by an acromioclavicular dislocation with the distal end of the clavicle lying superior to the acromion process?

    <p>Step deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may an anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint result in?

    <p>Flattening of the deltoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may a sulcus deformity indicate?

    <p>Inferior subluxation of the glenohumeral joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may a forward head posture be associated with?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may a step deformity indicate?

    <p>Acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligament tears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for winging of the scapula during abduction and forward flexion?

    <p>Serratus anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common congenital deformity of the shoulder complex?

    <p>Sprengel's deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve palsy can cause winging of the scapula at rest?

    <p>Long thoracic nerve palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle should be checked for wasting in cases of winging of the scapula?

    <p>Supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of static winging of the scapula?

    <p>Structural deformity of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a developmental deformity leading to a high or undescended scapula?

    <p>Sprengel's deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the altered sequencing of muscle activation patterns and muscle performance and length that help stabilize the scapula along with inhibition due to pain?

    <p>Scapular dyskinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement pattern of scapular dysfunction is characterized by the whole medial border of the scapula being prominent and lifting away from the posterior chest wall both statically and dynamically?

    <p>Type II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the scapular movement pattern in which the superior border of the scapula is elevated at rest and during movement, with minimal winging and initiation of movement by a shoulder shrug?

    <p>Scapular winging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the scapular movement pattern in which both scapulae are symmetrical at rest and during motion, rotating symmetrically upward with the inferior angles rotating laterally away from midline?

    <p>Scapular control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe scapular winging that is the result of muscle weakness of one of the scapular muscle stabilizers, disrupting the normal muscle force couple balance of the scapulothoracic complex?

    <p>Primary scapular winging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe scapular winging that occurs because of pathology in the glenohumeral joint, altering the normal movement of the scapula?

    <p>Secondary scapular winging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason why it is important to observe the patient as they undress and dress during a shoulder examination?

    <p>To observe if the patient can assume a 'neutral pelvis' position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential vasomotor change that may be observed in the hand during a shoulder examination?

    <p>Hair loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to assess the patient's ability to assume a 'neutral pelvis' position during a shoulder examination?

    <p>To evaluate abnormal scapulothoracic, glenohumeral, and cervical spine positions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the force of throwing is normally generated by the lower quadrant or kinetic chain?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following questions should be asked by the examiner related to the 'neutral pelvic' position during a shoulder examination?

    <p>Can the patient hold the static neutral pelvis position while making distal dynamic movements?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can an abnormal pelvic position during a shoulder examination lead to?

    <p>Alteration in the kinetic chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle provides an origin for the rotator cuff muscles as well as the biceps and triceps muscles?

    <p>Pectoralis major muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe abnormal positions of the scapula such as tilting, winging, or dysrhythmia?

    <p>Scapular dyskinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can atrophy of the supraspinatus or infraspinatus muscles indicate in the shoulder?

    <p>Supraspinous nerve palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may snapping or clunking sound during abduction and adduction of the shoulder indicate?

    <p>Posterior positional instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may indicate an acromioclavicular dislocation?

    <p>A step deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may a sulcus deformity indicate?

    <p>Multidirectional instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may a flattening of the deltoid muscle area indicate?

    <p>Anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may an elevated dominant side indicate?

    <p>Extra use of the dominant side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for winging of the scapula during abduction and forward flexion?

    <p>Serratus anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is the most common congenital deformity of the shoulder complex?

    <p>Sprengel's deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve palsy can cause winging of the scapula at rest?

    <p>Long thoracic nerve palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles should be evaluated for wasting in cases of scapular winging?

    <p>Serratus anterior and trapezius muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a shoulder examination, the examiner should observe the patient as they undress and dress. Which of the following actions by the patient may indicate possible pathology in the affected arm?

    <p>The patient undresses the affected arm last.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of kinematics in a shoulder examination?

    <p>Kinematics evaluates the patient's ability to generate force in the lower quadrant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of assessing the patient's ability to assume a 'neutral pelvis' position during a shoulder examination?

    <p>It indicates whether the patient has an abnormal pelvic position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the force of throwing is normally generated by the lower quadrant or kinetic chain?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of scapular dysfunction is characterized by the superior border of the scapula being elevated at rest and during movement, with minimal winging and initiation of movement by a shoulder shrug?

    <p>Type III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Type II scapular dysfunction?

    <p>Weak muscles in the lower trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and serratus anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between primary scapular winging and secondary scapular winging?

    <p>Primary scapular winging is caused by muscle weakness, while secondary scapular winging is caused by glenohumeral joint pathology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common cause of dynamic scapular winging with reverse scapulohumeral rhythm?

    <p>Multidirectional instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures may cause a painful arc in the shoulder?

    <p>Subacromial bursa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of a painful arc in the shoulder?

    <p>Subacromial bursitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of abduction where the pinching of structures under the acromion process occurs, resulting in pain?

    <p>60° to 120°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common pattern of pain during a painful arc in the shoulder?

    <p>Greater going up than coming down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement that may decrease the pain during a painful arc in the shoulder?

    <p>Forward flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of a painful arc in the shoulder?

    <p>Painful arc sign, drop-arm test, infraspinatus test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the examination of the shoulder?

    <p>The examination includes an assessment of the cervical spine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which motion of elevation is considered the most natural and functional?

    <p>Elevation through scaption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of kinetic chain does the arm act as an open kinetic chain?

    <p>Open kinetic chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle of elevation in scaption determined by?

    <p>The contour of the chest wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of scapular instability in a closed kinetic chain?

    <p>The rotator cuff muscles work in reverse order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of elevation in scaption compared to elevation through abduction?

    <p>Less stress on the capsule and surrounding musculature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of scapular rotation in scaption elevation?

    <p>About 65°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an open kinetic chain, when should the scapular muscles be working eccentrically?

    <p>When the scapula must be stabilized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of humeral abduction in scaption elevation?

    <p>About 105°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the shoulder in the kinetic chain?

    <p>Force delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of active lateral rotation in the glenohumeral joint?

    <p>80° to 90°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is knowledge of muscle balance and force couples important in determining a diagnosis?

    <p>To understand the effects of kinetic chains on the shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered an open-kinetic-chain activity?

    <p>Reaching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of comparing one side of the body with the other during an assessment?

    <p>To determine individual differences among normal people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the combination of glenohumeral, scapulothoracic, acromioclavicular, and sternoclavicular movements in shoulder movements?

    <p>Glenohumeral function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can compensatory scapular movement during active shoulder movements lead to?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the premature excessive elevation or protraction of the scapula during arm lowering?

    <p>Scapular dysrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a slouched (rounded shoulder) posture affect the range of motion at the shoulder?

    <p>Increases medial rotation of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During phase 2 of scapulohumeral movement, the clavicle rotates posteriorly, retracts, and minimally elevates at the sternoclavicular joint. At the acromioclavicular joint, the clavicle tilts posteriorly and upwardly and rotates medially. How much motion is possible at the acromioclavicular joint during the rotation of the scapula?

    <p>20°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the final 90° of motion (third phase) of scapulohumeral movement, the scapula continues to rotate and begins to elevate. How much does the clavicle rotate posteriorly on a long axis during this stage?

    <p>5° to 8°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum amount of elevation through abduction at the glenohumeral joint if the clavicle does not rotate and elevate?

    <p>120°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In reverse scapulohumeral rhythm, which component of the shoulder complex moves more than the other?

    <p>Scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of active elevation through forward flexion?

    <p>160° to 180°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the examiner observe during the last 30° of forward flexion elevation to ensure normal movement of the kinetic chain?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered an open-kinetic-chain activity?

    <p>Eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the premature excessive elevation or protraction of the scapula during arm lowering?

    <p>Scapular dysrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of active elevation through abduction in the shoulder?

    <p>170° to 180°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of shoulder pain in individuals who use their shoulder excessively, especially with overhead movement?

    <p>Rotator cuff overuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the slouched (rounded shoulder) posture with forward-head posture?

    <p>Scapular protraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a group of counteracting muscles that work together to produce smooth movement and joint control?

    <p>Force couples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which motion of elevation is considered the most natural and functional?

    <p>Scaption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the exact angle of elevation in scaption determined by?

    <p>The contour of the chest wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which position of elevation is often less painful than elevation through abduction or forward flexion?

    <p>Neutral elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plane of motion puts less stress on the capsule and surrounding musculature?

    <p>Scaption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of total elevation in scaption?

    <p>170°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of active lateral rotation in the shoulder?

    <p>80° to 90°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common cause of a painful arc in the shoulder?

    <p>Subacromial bursitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a painful arc in the shoulder, the pain is usually greater when?

    <p>Going up (against gravity)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests is a strong indicator of a full-thickness rotator cuff tear?

    <p>Drop-arm test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is primarily affected in the second painful arc in the shoulder?

    <p>Acromioclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of movement between the humerus and scapula during 180° of abduction?

    <p>3:2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the shoulder in the kinetic chain?

    <p>To provide mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During phase 2 of scapulohumeral movement, how much motion is possible at the acromioclavicular joint during the rotation of the scapula?

    <p>20°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe scapular winging that occurs because of pathology in the glenohumeral joint, altering the normal movement of the scapula?

    <p>Dynamic winging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle of torsion in the humeral head relative to the line joining the epicondyles?

    <p>30°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may a sulcus deformity indicate?

    <p>Subacromial impingement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause inflammation of the paratenon in the shoulder?

    <p>Impingement syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve may be injured as it passes through the suprascapular notch, leading to atrophy and paralysis of the supra- and infraspinatus muscles?

    <p>Suprascapular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the examination of the shoulder?

    <p>The examination of the shoulder can be extensive and may include an assessment of the cervical spine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the arm and shoulder in relation to kinetic chains?

    <p>The arm can act as an open kinetic chain when the hand is free to move or as a closed kinetic chain when the hand is fixed to an immovable object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of scapular instability with a closed kinetic chain?

    <p>The arm is fixed and the rotator cuff muscles work in reverse order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of scapular instability with an open kinetic chain?

    <p>The scapula must be stabilized during high-speed movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What becomes the stable part and what becomes the mobile part in scapular instability with a closed kinetic chain?

    <p>The insertion of the muscles into the humerus becomes the stable part, whereas the scapula becomes the mobile part.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What becomes the base or origin of the muscles and what becomes more mobile in scapular instability with an open kinetic chain?

    <p>The scapula becomes the base or origin of the muscles, whereas the insertion into the humerus becomes more mobile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a test that can be used to assess the glenohumeral joint's true medial and lateral rotation?

    <p>Abduction test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of crepitus during rotation in 90° of abduction indicate?

    <p>Abrasion of torn tendon margins against the coracoacromial arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is GIRD?

    <p>The difference in medial rotation between the patient's two shoulders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for GIRD?

    <p>Within 20°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a GIRD/GERG ratio greater than 1 indicate?

    <p>The patient will probably develop shoulder problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movements involves the patient squeezing the shoulder blades together?

    <p>Scapular retraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for scapular winging when weak or paralyzed?

    <p>Serratus anterior muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause a clicking or snapping near the inferior angle or supramedial corner of the scapula?

    <p>Scapular protraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint may be affected if a patient experiences pain in the sternoclavicular joint during scapular protraction?

    <p>Sternoclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement involves the patient trying to bring the shoulders together anteriorly?

    <p>Shoulder adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for scapular winging during abduction and forward flexion?

    <p>Serratus anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the subscapularis muscle?

    <p>Medial rotation of the humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for paralysis of the deltoid and teres minor muscles, affecting abduction and lateral rotation of the shoulder?

    <p>Axillary nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe scapular winging that occurs due to injury to the long thoracic nerve?

    <p>Static winging</p> Signup and view all the answers