Shoulder Anatomy and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the subacromial bursa?

  • Facilitating shoulder adduction
  • Enhancing flexibility in shoulder movements
  • Protecting the supraspinatus muscle from wear (correct)
  • Supporting the weight of the arm

    • Which muscle initiates the abduction of the arm to 15°?

  • Subscapularis
  • Teres minor
  • Infraspinatus
  • Supraspinatus (correct)

    • What is the normal range of external rotation at the shoulder joint?

  • 90º (correct)
  • 70º
  • 150º
  • 45º

    • Which of the following muscles is involved in the external rotation of the arm?

    <p>Infraspinatus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the nerve that innervates the Teres minor muscle.

    <p>Axillary nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a function of the rotator cuff muscles?

    <p>Facilitating shoulder extension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for internal rotation of the arm?

    <p>Subscapularis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many degrees of flexion are considered normal for shoulder movement?

    <p>180º (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two nerves are primarily associated with the brachial plexus in the shoulder and arm?

    <p>Suprascapular nerve (B), Axillary nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the shoulder joint classified as?

    <p>Ball and socket joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the glenoid labrum in the shoulder joint?

    <p>It deepens the glenoid cavity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle acts as a minor depressor of the humeral head to contribute to shoulder stability?

    <p>Biceps tendon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ligament is associated with reinforcing the shoulder joint capsule?

    <p>Coracoacromial ligament (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the stability conditions of the shoulder joint?

    <p>Muscles provide significant stability through resting tone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton in the upper limb?

    <p>Sternoclavicular joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the shoulder joint capsule?

    <p>It is lax and allows for greater mobility. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

    <p>Synovial saddle joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligaments are considered intrinsic ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint?

    <p>Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle primarily functions to stabilize the clavicle during movements of the pectoral girdle?

    <p>Subclavius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the acromioclavicular joint?

    <p>To facilitate passive movements in conjunction with the shoulder joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the sternoclavicular joint?

    <p>Medial supraclavicular nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels supply the sternoclavicular joint?

    <p>Internal thoracic artery and suprascapular artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movements are associated with the acromioclavicular joint?

    <p>Protraction - retraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of the scapula?

    <p>It provides attachment points for several muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower arm?

    <p>Flexion of the wrist and fingers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the superficial group in the anterior compartment?

    <p>Flexor pollicis longus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures do the ulnar collateral ligament attach to?

    <p>Coronoid process and olecranon of the ulna (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the flexor carpi ulnaris?

    <p>Ulnar nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movements do the muscles of the posterior compartment primarily facilitate?

    <p>Extension and supination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these muscles is included in the deep group of the anterior compartment?

    <p>Flexor digitorum profundus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is mainly responsible for the abduction of the wrist?

    <p>Extensor muscles of the posterior compartment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is found in the superficial part of the posterior compartment?

    <p>Extensor digitorum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone in the proximal row of carpal bones articulates on the anterior surface of the triquetrum?

    <p>Pisiform (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mnemonic used to remember the carpal bones in the proximal row?

    <p>Some Lovers Try Positions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is located in the distal row of carpal bones?

    <p>Hamate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of intrinsic muscles of the hand?

    <p>Enabling fine movements of the fingers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mnemonic refers to the thenar muscles of the hand?

    <p>APB is A Friend Of Police (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle's short head originates from the apex of the coracoid process of the scapula?

    <p>Biceps brachii (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group includes the Flexor digitorum superficialis?

    <p>Forearm flexors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the hook of the hamate?

    <p>It is a bony extension on the anterior side. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ligaments is part of the distal radioulnar joint?

    <p>Palmar radioulnar ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is included in the triangular fibrocartilage complex?

    <p>Articular disc (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ligaments is categorized as a dorsal ligament of the wrist?

    <p>Dorsal radiocarpal ligament (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The proper collateral ligaments are associated with which joint type?

    <p>Metacarpophalangeal joints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a ligament associated with the wrist joint?

    <p>Palmar metacarpal ligaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint movement occurs primarily at the midcarpal joint?

    <p>Gliding motion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is not considered a part of the intercarpal joints?

    <p>Palmar radioulnar ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is associated with the posterior interosseous branch?

    <p>Radial nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligaments contribute to the stabilizing structure of the radiocarpal joint?

    <p>Palmar ulnocarpal ligaments (A), Dorsal ligaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ulnar nerve has which type of branches?

    <p>Deep and dorsal branches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Subacromial Bursa

    Protects the supraspinatus muscle from rubbing against the acromion.

    Shoulder Flexion

    Bending the arm forward at the shoulder.

    Shoulder Abduction

    Lifting the arm straight out to the side.

    Supraspinatus Muscle

    Initiates arm lifting up to 15 degrees and stabilizes upper arm.

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    Rotator Cuff Muscles

    Group of muscles (SITS) that stabilize the shoulder.

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    Infraspinatus Function

    Responsible for external rotation of the shoulder.

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    External Rotation

    Rotating your arm outward.

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    Internal Rotation

    Rotating your arm inward.

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    SC Joint Type

    Synovial saddle joint, allowing multidirectional movement.

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    SC Joint Ligaments

    Intrinsic (anterior/posterior) and extrinsic (interclavicular/costoclavicular) ligaments support the joint.

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    SC Joint Muscles

    Subclavius, deltoid, pectoralis, trapezius, and sternocleidomastoid muscles.

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    AC Joint Type

    Synovial plane joint, enabling various movements.

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    AC Joint Ligaments

    Intrinsic (superior/inferior) and extrinsic (coracoclavicular) ligaments.

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    Scapula's Role

    The scapula is a connection point for arm/shoulder muscles; articulates with the humerus and clavicle.

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    AC Joint Function

    Allows the pectoral girdle to follow shoulder movements, transmits upper limb forces.

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    SC Joint Movements

    Elevation/depression, protraction/retraction

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    Brachial Plexus Nerves

    The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that provides innervation (control) to the shoulder and arm. It produces the suprascapular and axillary nerves.

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    Shoulder Joint Type

    A ball-and-socket joint is where a rounded end of one bone fits into a cup-like end of another bone, allowing for a wider range of motion.

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    Shoulder Joint Disproportion

    The shoulder joint's glenoid cavity (socket) is shallow, and the humeral head (ball) is large, creating a 1:4 ratio of socket size to ball size.

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    Glenoid Labrum

    A fibrocartilaginous ring around the glenoid cavity that deepens the socket and improves the fit between the humeral head and shoulder joint, reducing the risk of dislocation.

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    Sternoclavicular Joint

    A saddle joint connecting the sternum and clavicles, it's the only direct link between the upper limb and the trunk.

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    Axillary Artery

    The major artery supplying blood to the shoulder and upper arm.

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    Shoulder Joint Stability

    Combining the rotator cuff muscles, glenoid labrum, and ligaments, the shoulder joint maintains stability due to these structural features.

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    Radial Collateral Ligament

    A ligament on the lateral side of the joint, connecting the lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament of the radius.

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    Ulnar Collateral Ligament

    A ligament on the medial side of the joint, connecting the medial epicondyle to the ulna's coronoid and olecranon processes.

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    Anterior Compartment (forearm)

    Muscles in the front of the forearm, responsible for wrist and finger flexion.

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    Posterior Compartment (forearm)

    Muscles in the back of the forearm, responsible for wrist and finger extension.

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    Superficial Muscles (anterior)

    The more visible muscles at the front of the forearm, such as pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, etc.

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    Deep Muscles (anterior)

    Muscles underneath those in the superficial group of anterior forearm; responsible for more complex movements.

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    Median Nerve (innervation)

    Nerve supplying most muscles of the anterior forearm, except for the ulnar half.

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    Extensor Muscles (posterior)

    Group of six muscles on the back of the forearm, responsible for wrist and finger extension.

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    Carpal Bones

    Eight small bones arranged in two rows that form the wrist, allowing for movement and flexibility.

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    Scaphoid Bone location

    Located in the proximal row of carpal bones, on the thumb side of the wrist.

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    Lunate Bone location

    Located in the proximal row of carpal bones, between the scaphoid and triquetrum.

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    Triquetrum Bone location

    Located in the proximal row of carpal bones, on the pinky side of the wrist.

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    Pisiform Bone location

    Located in the proximal row of carpal bones, on the pinky side. It sits in front of the triquetrum.

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    Trapezium Bone location

    Located in the distal row of carpal bones, on the thumb side.

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    Trapezoid Bone location

    Located in the distal row of carpal bones, between the trapezium and capitate.

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    Capitate Bone location

    Located in the distal row of carpal bones, the largest bone in the wrist.

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    Distal Radioulnar Joint

    The joint where the radius and ulna meet at the wrist. It allows the forearm to rotate.

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    Radiocarpal Joint

    The joint between the radius and the carpal bones of the hand, forming the wrist joint.

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    Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC)

    A group of ligaments and cartilage that stabilize the ulnar side of the wrist joint.

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    Intercarpal Joints

    Joints between the individual carpal bones of the wrist, allowing for intricate movements of the hand.

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    Carpometacarpal Joints

    Joints between the carpal bones and the metacarpal bones of the hand, allowing for hand and thumb movements.

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    Metacarpophalangeal Joints

    Joints between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges, allowing for finger bending and straightening.

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    Interphalangeal Joints

    Joints between the phalanges of the fingers, allowing for flexion and extension of the fingers.

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    Flexor Retinaculum

    A strong band of tissue that helps to hold the flexor tendons in place at the wrist.

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    Extensor Retinaculum

    A strong band of tissue that helps to hold the extensor tendons in place at the wrist.

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    Palmar Ligaments

    Ligaments located on the palm side of the hand, providing stability and support.

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    Study Notes

    Housekeeping and Questions

    • If behind on assignments, contact the instructor as soon as possible.
    • Students will give short presentations (1-2 slides) to the class.
    • Topics for mini presentations include:
      • Tissue inflammation
      • Tissue proliferation
      • Tissue remodeling
      • Aging in muscles
      • Aging in bones
      • Exercise effects on muscles

    Mistakes and Solutions

    • Key mistakes in learning include:
      • Lack of a plan
      • Insufficient time investment
      • Believing in myths or misinformation
      • Not adequately adapting learning style
      • Not seeking help when needed
      • Not visualizing information or seeing the big picture
      • Passive learning instead of active learning
    • Solutions:
      • Develop a study plan
      • Invest enough time
      • Challenge myths/understand accurate information
      • Adapt learning style
      • Ask for help if needed
      • Visualize and create mental maps of information
      • Engage with active learning strategies (quizzes, visual aids, etc.)

    Schedule

    • Week 8: Muscle Physiology, Lower Limb Surface Anatomy, Group Work
    • Week 9 Muscles and Joints (Upper Limb), Mini Presentation
    • Week 10: Muscles and joints (Lower Limb), Group work,
    • Week 11: Muscles and joints (Spine), Presentation
    • Week 12: Muscles in action, Group Work, Presentation
    • Week 13: Exam Preparation, Exam prep class
    • Week 14: MCQ Exam (in person)

    Kahoot

    • A learning activity

    Joints

    • Three main types of joints categorized by movement:
      • Synarthroses (immovable): These joints, also known as fibrous joints, have no movement. Skull sutures are an example.
      • Amphiarthroses (slightly movable): These joints, also known as cartilaginous joints, allow limited movement. Vertebrae are good examples.
      • Diarthroses (freely movable): Also called synovial joints, these are the most common type and allow significant movement. Examples include the knee and shoulder.

    Joints Anatomy

    • Bones: The framework for the body providing support and connection tissue.
    • Tendons: Tough connective tissue that connects muscles to bones enabling movement control.
    • Ligaments: Tough elastic bands of connective tissue that surround a joint giving support and limiting movement.
    • Cartilage: Covers surfaces of bones at joints, reducing friction.
    • Meniscus: Curved cartilage found in knee and other joints.
    • Synovial membrane: Secretes synovial fluid, lubricating the joint.
    • Bursae: Fluid-filled sacs cushioning joints to reduce friction.
    • Synovial fluid: A clear, sticky fluid secreted by the synovial membrane.

    Types of Joints

    • Ball and socket: The rounded head of one bone moves within a cup-shaped socket. Examples include shoulder and hip.
    • Hinge: Opening and closing in one direction. Examples are the elbow and knee.
    • Pivot: One bone rotates within a ring formed by another. Examples include neck between atlas and axis.
    • Gliding: Flat surfaces that slide over one another. Examples include the carpal bones of the wrist.
    • Condyloid: Allows movement but no rotation.
    • Saddle: Allow movement back and forth and side to side.

    Shoulder; Parts of the Joint

    • Articulating surfaces
    • Joint capsule
    • Ligaments
    • Bursae
    • Movements
    • Muscles
    • Nerves

    Shoulder; Articulating Surfaces

    • The glenohumeral joint (GH jt) is formed by the glenoid (part of the scapula) and the humerus.
    • The socket (glenoid) is shallow and flat.
    • Rimmed with soft tissue (labrum) that makes a deeper socket to fit the humeral head.

    More on the Joint

    • The socket (glenoid) is shallow and flat.
    • Soft tissue (labrum) rims the socket deepening it to accommodate the humeral head

    Shoulder Joint Capsule

    • The capsule is attached to the glenoid cavity (above) and anatomical neck of the humerus (below).
    • Capsule is thick above and below but lose in the middle.
    • Allows bone separation (2.5cm).

    Ligaments

    • Glenohumeral ligaments: Reinforce the joint capsule, stabilizing the anterior aspect.
    • Coracohumeral ligament: Supports the superior part of the joint capsule
    • Coracoacromial ligament: Arch-like structure resisting superior displacement of the humeral head.
    • Transverse humeral ligament: Holds the tendon of the long head of the biceps.

    Shoulder Joint - Bursa

    • Subacromial bursa: Protects underlying supraspinatus muscle from wear between the humeral head and the acromion.

    Shoulder Movements - What's Normal

    • Flexion: 180 degrees
    • Extension: 45-60 degrees
    • Internal rotation: 70-90 degrees
    • External rotation: 90 degrees
    • Adduction (to midline)
    • Abduction: 150 degrees

    Muscles of the Shoulder

    • Rotator cuff muscles (SITS):
      • Supraspinatus
      • Infraspinatus
      • Teres minor
      • Subscapularis

    Other Muscles

    • Teres major
    • Serratus anterior
    • Levator scapulae
    • Rhomboid major
    • Rhomboid minor
    • Pectoralis major
    • Pectoralis minor
    • Coracobrachialis
    • Latissimus dorsi
    • Brachialis
    • Biceps brachii
    • Triceps brachii

    Shoulder Nerves

    • The nerves in the shoulder area originate from the brachial plexus.
    • The brachial plexus gives rise to the suprascapular and axillary nerves.

    Blood Supply

    • Artery: Axillary artery
    • Veins: Brachial veins, basilic and cephalic veins.

    Shoulder Joint Facts

    • Mobility:
      • Ball and socket joint type.
      • Shallow glenoid cavity and large humeral head creates disproportion.
      • Lax joint capsule.
    • Stability:
      • Rotator cuff muscles surround the joint, compressing the humeral head into the glenoid cavity.
      • Glenoid labrum deepens the cavity for a secure fit with the humeral head.
      • Ligaments reinforce the joint capsule.
      • Biceps tendon helps depress the humeral head.

    SC Joint

    • Synovial saddle joint; multiaxial
    • Articulating surfaces: Sternal end of clavicle, clavicular notch of sternum, superior surface of 1st costal cartilage; intra-articular fibrocartilaginous disk.
    • Ligaments: Intrinsic ligaments (anterior & posterior) & extrinsic ligaments (interclavicular & costoclavicular).
    • Innervation: Medial supraclavicular nerve, and nerve to subclavius.
    • Blood supply: Suprascapular artery (and internal thoracic artery).
    • Movements: Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction.

    SC Joint Muscles

    • Subclavius
    • Deltoid
    • Pectoralis
    • Trapezius
    • Sternocleidomastoid: Pulls clavicle toward the sternum/stabilizes clavicle during pectoral girdle movements.

    Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint

    • No muscles directly act on it.
    • Movements are passive and secondary to the connection with other parts of the upper limb.
    • Transfers forces from the upper limb to the clavicle.

    AC Joint

    • Synovial plane joint; multiaxial
    • Articulating surfaces: Acromion of scapula, acromial end of clavicle
    • Ligaments: Superior acromioclavicular, inferior acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular (conoid & trapezoid).
    • Innervation: Lateral pectoral nerve, suprascapular nerve.
    • Blood supply: Thoracoacromial artery, suprascapular artery
    • Movements: Protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, axial rotation.

    Scapula

    • Important point of muscle attachment for the arm and shoulder.
    • Articulates with humerus and clavicle (glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints).
    • Medial aspect not directly attached to axial skeleton, connected by muscles.
    • Allows free movement across the thoracic cavity.

    Scapula

    • Borders: Superior, lateral, and medial
    • Angles: Lateral, superior, inferior
    • Surfaces: Anterior (subscapular fossa), posterior (supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa)
    • Processes: Coracoid, acromion
    • Muscles originating from scapula: Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, triceps brachii, teres minor, teres major, latissimus dorsi, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, sub scapularis etc
    • Muscles attaching to scapula: Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids (major & minor), serratus anterior, pectoralis minor
    • Vascularization: Suprascapular, posterior circumflex humeral, circumflex scapular, transverse cervical arteries.

    Muscles of the Scapula

    • Protraction (Pectoralis minor & Serratus anterior)
    • Retraction (Rhomboid & lower fibers of Trapezius)
    • Omohyoid
    • Rhomboid minor
    • Serratus anterior

    Elbow

    • Two articulations:
      • Humeroulnar (trochlear notch of ulna & trochlea of humerus)
      • Humeroradial (Head of radius & capitulum of humerus)
    • Share a joint capsule.

    Elbow

    • Bones: Humerus, radius, ulna
    • Joints: Humeroulnar, humeroradial, proximal radioulnar
    • Ligaments: Ulnar collateral, radial collateral, annular
    • Movements: Flexion, extension, supination, pronation

    Ligaments (Elbow)

    • Medial collateral: Extends from the medial epicondyle of the humerus. It attaches to the coronoid processes and olecranon processes of the ulna.
    • Lateral collateral: Extends from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Attaches to the annular ligament.
    • Annular: Forms a 'collar' around the radial head.

    Muscles of the Lower Arm

    • Anterior compartment (flexion): Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
    • Posterior compartment (extension): Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digiti minimi, supinator, abductor pollicis longus,extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus,extensor indicis.

    Anterior Compartment

    • Superficial group: Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, and flexor digitorum superficialis.
    • Deep group: Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
    • Innervation: Primarily median nerve (except for flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus, which is supplied by the ulnar nerve).
    • Function: movements (flexion, abduction, adduction, pronation) of the forearm, hand, and fingers.

    Posterior Compartment

    • Superficial: Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digiti minimi.
    • Deep: Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis).
    • Innervation: Primarily radial nerve for the superficial compartments and the posterior interosseous nerve for the deep compartment.
    • Function: Primarily extension of the hand and digits.

    RadioUlnar Joints

    • Proximal (near the elbow): Radius and ulna are connected by an interosseous membrane and ligaments. This allows pronation and supination.
    • Distal (near the wrist): Interosseous membrane, ligaments, and a fibrocartilaginous disk hold radius & ulna together, separated from wrist joint, supination/pronation occur at this joint.

    Proximal RadioUlnar Joint

    • Located distally to the elbow.
    • Formed by the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna.
    • Held in place by the annular ligament.
    • Movement: Rotation within the annular ligament results in supination/pronation..

    Distal RadioUlnar Joint

    • Proximal to the wrist joint.
    • Articulation between the ulnar notch of the radius and ulna head.
    • Strengthened by ligaments(anterior and posterior) and the fibrocartilaginous triangular disk, which separates it from the wrist joint.
    • Allows for pronation & supination,.

    Hand Bones

    • Carpals: 8 small bones in the wrist (proximal & distal rows).
    • Metacarpals: 5 long bones forming the palm of the hand.
    • Phalanges: 14 long bones forming the fingers (proximal, middle, distal).

    The Wrist

    • Ellipsoidal (condyloid) type synovial joint
    • . Distal end of radius and proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiform) articulate via an articular disc.
    • The ulna does not directly articulate with carpal bones except for the distal radio-ulnar joint.
    • Movement: Wrist flexion and extension, abduction, adduction.

    Wrist

    • Highly mobile, prone to injury
    • Intrinsic carpal ligaments provide stability, but are easily injured through damage.
    • Extrinsic ligaments (radial and ulnar collateral) stabilise the wrist.
    • Blood supply from dorsal/palmar carpal arches (derived from radial and ulnar arteries).
    • Innervation: Median, radial, and ulnar nerves and their branches.

    Wrist Ligaments

    • Many interconnecting ligaments.
    • They include radiocarpal, intercarpal, interosseous, and collateral ligaments.
    • Intrinsic and extrinstic ligaments contribute to wrist stability and movements.

    Hand Muscles

    • Intrinsic muscles are intricate, responsible for fine movements.
    • No individual muscle descriptions

    Carpal Bones

    • A method of remembering the carpal bones includes mnemonic devices utilizing their shape and relative positions.

    Upper Limb Muscles

    • Scapula muscles: Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, teres major, serratus anterior, levator scapulae, rhomboids (major & minor), trapezius
    • Shoulder muscles Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, deltoid, latissimus dorsi
    • Arm muscles: Brachialis, biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, triceps brachii
    • Forearm flexors: Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
    • Forearm extensors: Supinator, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi, brachioradialis
    • Hand muscles: Thenar muscles (abductors, opponens, flexor pollicis brevis), hypothenar muscles (abductors, opponens, flexor digiti minimi brevis), interossei muscles (dorsal and palmar), lumbricals

    Biceps

    • Origin: Short head - coracoid process of the scapula, long head - supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
    • Insertion: Radial tuberosity of the radius
    • Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)
    • Blood supply: Branches of brachial artery
    • Function: Flexion and supination of the forearm at the elbow, weak flexion of the arm.

    Group Learning

    • Groups will work on a list of upper limb muscles (4 in each group). Learning origin, insertion, action for presentations.
    • Worksheets for further practice are there
    • Quick quiz at the end.

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    Week 9 Notes on Anatomy and Physiology

    Description

    This quiz tests your knowledge on the anatomy and functions related to the shoulder joint, including the roles of various muscles and ligaments. It covers topics such as the rotator cuff, shoulder joint types, and nerve innervation, providing an in-depth look at shoulder biomechanics.

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