Shock
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary imbalance that characterizes shock?

  • Between oxygen demand and oxygen supply (correct)
  • Between venous lactate and arterial lactate
  • Between cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance
  • Between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure

    • What is the formula to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

  • MAP = SBP + (2 x DBP) / 3 (correct)
  • MAP = SBP + (DBP / 3)
  • MAP = (SBP + DBP) / 2
  • MAP = SBP - DBP

    • What is a common hemodynamic parameter consistent with shock?

  • Decreased heart rate
  • Increased systolic blood pressure
  • Decreased systolic blood pressure (correct)
  • Increased systemic vascular resistance

    • What is the function of cardiac output (CO) in blood pressure regulation?

    <p>CO is a function of heart rate and stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a laboratory parameter that may be suggestive of shock?

    <p>Increased aPTT, PT/INR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a direct measurement obtained from an arterial line?

    <p>Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of treatment in cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Decrease cardiac workload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is characterized by a decrease in blood volume?

    <p>Hypovolemic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for hypovolemic shock?

    <p>Volume resuscitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of distributive shock?

    <p>Hypovolemic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which albumin leaks into the extravascular space soon after administration?

    <p>Increased permeability of capillary walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for preferring blood products over crystalloids for volume expansion in moderate to severe hemorrhagic shock?

    <p>Provision of physiologic benefits beyond volume expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of alpha 1 receptor stimulation on hemodynamic parameters?

    <p>Increase in systemic vascular resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum recommended sodium correction in the first 24 hours for patients with hypernatremia?

    <p>10 mEq</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of permissive hypotension in hemorrhagic shock management?

    <p>Minimization of blood loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the extracellular compartment is composed of intravascular fluid?

    <p>33%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of hypertonic fluids on fluid distribution?

    <p>They pull fluid from intracellular to extracellular spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the distribution of fluids between intravascular and interstitial spaces?

    <p>Tonicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to 1 L of D5W when given to a patient?

    <p>666 mL distributes to the intracellular compartment, and 333 mL distributes to the extracellular compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of a liter of isotonic fluid will remain in the intravascular compartment?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In neurogenic shock, what is the primary effect on vascular tone?

    <p>Decreased vascular tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is most appropriate for treating hypotension with bradycardia in neurogenic shock?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of anaphylactic shock?

    <p>Widespread vasodilation due to histamine release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In neurogenic shock, what is the effect on heart rate?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of fluid resuscitation in neurogenic shock?

    <p>Ensure vascular repletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome measured in the SMART trial?

    <p>Major adverse kidney event within 30 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a concern when using lactated Ringer's solution?

    <p>Compatibility issues with calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which colloids exert their effect?

    <p>Oncotic force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a myth about balanced salt solutions?

    <p>They contain potassium and can't be used in renal dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why colloids are not used more frequently?

    <p>Unclear benefit in clinical outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of beta-2 receptor stimulation in anaphylaxis?

    <p>Dilation of airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is characterized by an obstruction of blood flow or cardiac wall motion?

    <p>Obstructive shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of epinephrine in pediatric anaphylaxis management?

    <p>0.01 mg/kg/dose, max of 0.3 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of fluid resuscitation in shock management?

    <p>To restore perfusion of vital organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common treatment for anaphylaxis?

    <p>Nitroglycerin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of alpha-1 receptor stimulation on hemodynamic parameters?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is characterized by decreased cardiac contractility?

    <p>Cardiogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended route of administration for epinephrine in anaphylaxis?

    <p>Intramuscular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of beta-1 receptor stimulation on hemodynamic parameters?

    <p>Increased cardiac contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for obstructive shock?

    <p>Correction of the underlying obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

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