40 Questions
What is the primary imbalance that characterizes shock?
Between oxygen demand and oxygen supply
What is the formula to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
MAP = SBP + (2 x DBP) / 3
What is a common hemodynamic parameter consistent with shock?
Decreased systolic blood pressure
What is the function of cardiac output (CO) in blood pressure regulation?
CO is a function of heart rate and stroke volume
What is a laboratory parameter that may be suggestive of shock?
Increased aPTT, PT/INR
Which of the following is a direct measurement obtained from an arterial line?
Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure
What is the primary goal of treatment in cardiogenic shock?
Decrease cardiac workload
Which type of shock is characterized by a decrease in blood volume?
Hypovolemic shock
What is the primary treatment for hypovolemic shock?
Volume resuscitation
Which of the following is NOT a cause of distributive shock?
Hypovolemic shock
What is the primary mechanism by which albumin leaks into the extravascular space soon after administration?
Increased permeability of capillary walls
What is the main reason for preferring blood products over crystalloids for volume expansion in moderate to severe hemorrhagic shock?
Provision of physiologic benefits beyond volume expansion
What is the primary effect of alpha 1 receptor stimulation on hemodynamic parameters?
Increase in systemic vascular resistance
What is the maximum recommended sodium correction in the first 24 hours for patients with hypernatremia?
10 mEq
What is the primary goal of permissive hypotension in hemorrhagic shock management?
Minimization of blood loss
What percentage of the extracellular compartment is composed of intravascular fluid?
33%
What is the primary effect of hypertonic fluids on fluid distribution?
They pull fluid from intracellular to extracellular spaces
What is the primary factor that determines the distribution of fluids between intravascular and interstitial spaces?
Tonicity
What happens to 1 L of D5W when given to a patient?
666 mL distributes to the intracellular compartment, and 333 mL distributes to the extracellular compartment
What percentage of a liter of isotonic fluid will remain in the intravascular compartment?
75%
In neurogenic shock, what is the primary effect on vascular tone?
Decreased vascular tone
Which of the following medications is most appropriate for treating hypotension with bradycardia in neurogenic shock?
Dopamine
What is the primary mechanism of anaphylactic shock?
Widespread vasodilation due to histamine release
In neurogenic shock, what is the effect on heart rate?
Bradycardia
What is the primary goal of fluid resuscitation in neurogenic shock?
Ensure vascular repletion
What is the primary outcome measured in the SMART trial?
Major adverse kidney event within 30 days
Which of the following is a concern when using lactated Ringer's solution?
Compatibility issues with calcium
What is the primary mechanism by which colloids exert their effect?
Oncotic force
Which of the following is a myth about balanced salt solutions?
They contain potassium and can't be used in renal dysfunction
What is the main reason why colloids are not used more frequently?
Unclear benefit in clinical outcomes
What is the primary effect of beta-2 receptor stimulation in anaphylaxis?
Dilation of airways
Which type of shock is characterized by an obstruction of blood flow or cardiac wall motion?
Obstructive shock
What is the recommended dose of epinephrine in pediatric anaphylaxis management?
0.01 mg/kg/dose, max of 0.3 mg
What is the primary goal of fluid resuscitation in shock management?
To restore perfusion of vital organs
Which of the following is NOT a common treatment for anaphylaxis?
Nitroglycerin
What is the primary effect of alpha-1 receptor stimulation on hemodynamic parameters?
Vasoconstriction
Which type of shock is characterized by decreased cardiac contractility?
Cardiogenic shock
What is the recommended route of administration for epinephrine in anaphylaxis?
Intramuscular
What is the primary effect of beta-1 receptor stimulation on hemodynamic parameters?
Increased cardiac contractility
What is the primary treatment for obstructive shock?
Correction of the underlying obstruction
This quiz covers the definition, characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, and laboratory parameters of shock in emergency medicine. It's perfect for emergency medical professionals seeking to improve their knowledge and certification.
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