Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design Alloys Quiz

Study Notes

Material Properties

Induction hardening or flame hardening: a process to harden the surface of a material.
Alloy steels: contain elements like Chromium, Nickel, Manganese, Silicon, Molybdenum, Vanadium, and Tungsten.

Corrosion-Resistant Steels

Stainless steels: Iron-base alloys with at least 12% chromium, resist many corrosive conditions.
Four types of stainless steels: Ferritic chromium, Austenitic chromium-nickel, Martensitic, and Precipitation-hardenable.

Casting Materials

Gray Cast Iron: a type of cast iron.
Ductile and Nodular Cast Iron: types of cast iron.
White Cast Iron: a type of cast iron.
Malleable Cast Iron: a type of cast iron.
Alloy Cast Iron: a type of cast iron.
Cast Steel: a type of metal alloy.

Nonferrous Metals

Aluminum: a nonferrous metal.
Magnesium: a nonferrous metal.
Titanium: a nonferrous metal.
Copper-based alloys:
- Brass: an alloy of copper and zinc.
- Phosphor bronze: an alloy of copper, tin, and phosphorus.
- Aluminum bronze: an alloy of copper and aluminum.

Plastics

Thermoplastic: a plastic that flows or is moldable when heat is applied.
Thermoset: a plastic for which the polymerization process is finished in a hot molding press.

Composite Materials

Composite materials: formed from two or more dissimilar materials, each contributing to the final properties.
Materials remain distinct from each other at the macroscopic level.
Usually amorphous and non-isotropic.
Common filler types: laminates of filler to provide stiffness and strength, and a matrix to hold the material together.

Material Families and Classes

Material Families and Classes: Different materials grouped into families and classes based on their properties.

Young's Modulus

Young's Modulus: a measure of the stiffness of a solid material.

Torsional Strengths

Maximum shear stress: related to the angle of twist by a specific formula.
Torsional yield strength: corresponds to the maximum shear stress at the point where the torque-twist diagram becomes significantly non-linear.
Modulus of rupture: corresponds to the torque at the maximum point on the torque-twist diagram.

Resilience

Resilience: the capacity of a material to absorb energy within its elastic range.
Modulus of resilience: the energy absorbed per unit volume without permanent deformation.

Toughness

Toughness: the capacity of a material to absorb energy without fracture.
Modulus of toughness: the energy absorbed per unit volume without fracture.

Statistical Significance of Material Properties

Material properties are distributional and thus statistical in nature.
Histogram of probability density: a graph showing the number of occurrences of a specific material property.

Cold Work

Cold work: the process of plastic straining below the recrystallization temperature in the plastic region of the stress-strain diagram.
The yield point is effectively increased.
Material is said to have been cold-worked, or strain-hardened.

Reduction in Area

Reduction in area: a measure of ductility.
Ductility: represents the ability of a material to absorb overloads and to be cold-worked.

Cold-work Factor

Cold-work factor W: a measure of the quantity of cold work.

Hardness

Hardness: the resistance of a material to penetration by a pointed tool.
Rockwell and Brinell: two common hardness-measuring systems.

Strength and Hardness

Relationship between ultimate strength and Brinell hardness number: approximately linear for many materials.

Impact Properties

Impact properties: measured using the Charpy notched-bar test.
Energy absorbed, called impact value, is computed from height of swing after fracture.

Description

Test your knowledge on Alloy Steels Chromium, Nickel, Manganese, Silicon, Molybdenum, Vanadium, Tungsten, and Corrosion-Resistant Steels such as Stainless Steels. Learn about induction hardening, flame hardening, and different types of stainless steels.