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Wave Optics

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What happens to the fringe pattern when a thin film of mica or glass is placed in the path of one of the waves in Young's Double Slit Experiment?

The fringe pattern gets shifted towards the slit in front of which the glass plate is placed.

What is the condition for constructive interference in reflected light?

Δ = (2n - 1) λ/2

What is the shift of the fringe pattern equivalent to?

n fringes

What is the condition for destructive interference in refracted light?

<p>Δ = (2n) λ/2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of incidence angle on the shift of the fringe pattern?

<p>The shift is independent of incidence angle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition required for the screen to be placed at a large distance for Fraunhoffer diffraction?

<p>The screen is placed at the focal plane of a converging lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the path difference between the diffracted waves for obtaining n secondary minima at P on the screen?

<p>b sinθ = nλ</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the angular position of the n secondary minima in terms of the slit width b and wavelength λ?

<p>sinθ = nλ/b</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for obtaining n secondary maxima at P on the screen in terms of the wavelength λ and slit width b?

<p>b sinθ = (2n+1)λ/2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the width of the central diffraction maxima and secondary maxima as the slit width increases relative to the wavelength?

<p>They both decrease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for the formation of a bright fringe in a diffraction grating?

<p>d sinθ = nλ</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the path difference between each ray that emerges from each slit at an angle θ in a diffraction grating?

<p>d sinθ</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the angular width of the central maximum in a diffraction pattern?

<p>2Dθ</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phase difference between the wavelets originating from two consecutive HPZ's and reaching the point P in a diffraction grating?

<p>π</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the linear width of the central maximum in a diffraction pattern?

<p>2x</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the speed of electromagnetic waves in free space?

<p>3 × 10⁸ m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy density of an electric field?

<p>E²/2ε₀</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the wave impedance of a medium?

<p>√(μ₀/ε₀)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the intensity of an electromagnetic wave?

<p>Energy per unit area per unit time</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total energy per unit volume of an electromagnetic wave?

<p>uₐᵥ = E²/2μ₀ + B²/2ε₀</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the limitation of Ampere's law as explained by Maxwell?

<p>It is valid only for steady current or when the electric field does not change with time</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of earthing one terminal of the spark gap in Marconi's experiment?

<p>To allow the electromagnetic waves to radiate up to several kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name given by Maxwell to the hypothetical current flowing between the capacitor plates during charging?

<p>Displacement current</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the wires connecting the spheres S and S' to the plates in Hertz's experiment?

<p>To provide a low inductance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the limitation of Hertz's experiment in producing electromagnetic waves?

<p>It could only produce electromagnetic waves up to a few kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical phenomenon that occurs when a high voltage is applied across metallic plates?

<p>Spark discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation that relates the frequency of electromagnetic waves to the inductance and capacitance of an LC oscillator?

<p>$\nu = \frac{1}{2\pi \sqrt{LC}}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with predicting the existence of electromagnetic waves?

<p>Maxwell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of electromagnetic waves?

<p>Transverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the law that relates the electric flux to the charge enclosed by a surface?

<p>Gauss's law in electrostatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

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