Wave Optics
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the fringe pattern when a thin film of mica or glass is placed in the path of one of the waves in Young's Double Slit Experiment?

  • The fringe pattern disappears.
  • The fringe pattern remains unchanged.
  • The fringe pattern gets shifted towards the slit in front of which the glass plate is placed. (correct)
  • The fringe pattern gets shifted away from the slit in front of which the glass plate is placed.

    • What is the condition for constructive interference in reflected light?

  • Δ = (2n + 1) λ/2
  • Δ = (2n - 1) λ
  • Δ = (2n) λ
  • Δ = (2n - 1) λ/2 (correct)

    • What is the shift of the fringe pattern equivalent to?

  • n/2 fringes
  • n fringes (correct)
  • nλ
  • nλ/2

    • What is the condition for destructive interference in refracted light?

    <p>Δ = (2n) λ/2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of incidence angle on the shift of the fringe pattern?

    <p>The shift is independent of incidence angle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition required for the screen to be placed at a large distance for Fraunhoffer diffraction?

    <p>The screen is placed at the focal plane of a converging lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the path difference between the diffracted waves for obtaining n secondary minima at P on the screen?

    <p>b sinθ = nλ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angular position of the n secondary minima in terms of the slit width b and wavelength λ?

    <p>sinθ = nλ/b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for obtaining n secondary maxima at P on the screen in terms of the wavelength λ and slit width b?

    <p>b sinθ = (2n+1)λ/2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the width of the central diffraction maxima and secondary maxima as the slit width increases relative to the wavelength?

    <p>They both decrease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for the formation of a bright fringe in a diffraction grating?

    <p>d sinθ = nλ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the path difference between each ray that emerges from each slit at an angle θ in a diffraction grating?

    <p>d sinθ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angular width of the central maximum in a diffraction pattern?

    <p>2Dθ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phase difference between the wavelets originating from two consecutive HPZ's and reaching the point P in a diffraction grating?

    <p>π</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the linear width of the central maximum in a diffraction pattern?

    <p>2x</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of electromagnetic waves in free space?

    <p>3 × 10⁸ m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy density of an electric field?

    <p>E²/2ε₀</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wave impedance of a medium?

    <p>√(μ₀/ε₀)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intensity of an electromagnetic wave?

    <p>Energy per unit area per unit time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total energy per unit volume of an electromagnetic wave?

    <p>uₐᵥ = E²/2μ₀ + B²/2ε₀</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the limitation of Ampere's law as explained by Maxwell?

    <p>It is valid only for steady current or when the electric field does not change with time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of earthing one terminal of the spark gap in Marconi's experiment?

    <p>To allow the electromagnetic waves to radiate up to several kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name given by Maxwell to the hypothetical current flowing between the capacitor plates during charging?

    <p>Displacement current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the wires connecting the spheres S and S' to the plates in Hertz's experiment?

    <p>To provide a low inductance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the limitation of Hertz's experiment in producing electromagnetic waves?

    <p>It could only produce electromagnetic waves up to a few kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical phenomenon that occurs when a high voltage is applied across metallic plates?

    <p>Spark discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation that relates the frequency of electromagnetic waves to the inductance and capacitance of an LC oscillator?

    <p>$\nu = \frac{1}{2\pi \sqrt{LC}}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with predicting the existence of electromagnetic waves?

    <p>Maxwell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of electromagnetic waves?

    <p>Transverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law that relates the electric flux to the charge enclosed by a surface?

    <p>Gauss's law in electrostatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

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