Sheet Metal and Shearing Processes

The ability of sheet metal to stretch without breaking.

Causes depressions on sheet metal surfaces, typically in mild steel.

Sheet metal behaves differently in various planar directions.

Describes how sheet metal changes thickness during stretching.

Affects the smoothness of stretched sheet metal.

Caused by uneven deformation, leading to part distortions.

Elastic recovery after plastic deformation when load is removed.

Compressive stress in the sheet metal leading to ripples.

Metal's tendency to become thinner when stretched.

Shape forming process where a metal sheet is pulled into a die.

Drawing a part too difficult to draw in one operation.

Elastic recovery from deformation when load is removed.

Final bend is smaller than the original bend angle.

Properties of sheet metal impacting its ability to be formed, including elongation and anisotropy.

The amount a metal can stretch without failing or narrowing.

Difference in metal strength and ductility in different directions.

A metal's ability to be shaped or molded without failure.

A method to measure a metal's formability by stretching it over a curved punch.

The desired length of the curved neutral axis during bending.

The radius of the curved inside surface of a bend.

The angle formed inside the bend when folding the metal.

Plastic deformation of sheet metal along a straight or curved line.

Partial recovery of the material's shape when the bending force is removed.

The smallest radius bendable without causing damage or stress-related volume defects.

Technique to achieve desired bend angles by over-bending the metal beyond the desired angle.

Bending process using a die in close contact with the workpiece, resulting in better shape retention.

Blunt or unsharpened tool edges that lead to larger burr formation during sheet metal operations.

Dies that perform multiple operations on a sheet of metal in a single stroke at one station.

A sheet metal operation that produces parts with square, smooth edges.

A sheet metal shearing operation where a slug (removed part) is discarded, and the remaining piece is kept.

Dies that involve multiple stations to perform different sheet metal operations sequentially.

The neutral axis length in a bend used to calculate the blank size for bending.

A sheet metal forming process where a cup or other shape is drawn into a die.

Sheet metal bending operation that creates a 90-degree bend in the edges

Sheet metal operation in which the edges are overlapped or folded.

Efficiently arranging shapes on a sheet to maximize material use.

Machine that bends sheet metal by compressing it between a moving punch and a stationary die.

Machine that shears, notches, and punches holes in sheet metal.

The elastic recovery of a material after plastic deformation when the load is removed.

Method of joining multiple sheet metal pieces together using seam welding, to form a composite blank.

Raised edge or fragment formed on the sheet metal during machining, caused by dull tooling or poor clearances.

Dies designed for high-volume sheet metal production that performs operations sequentially in stages.

Soft ductile materials, dull tooling, and large clearances during sheet metal operations.

Use sharp tooling, reduce clearances, and use harder, less ductile materials.

A thin, flat piece of metal, often steel or aluminum, used in various applications like auto parts, appliances, and aerospace.

A sheet metal cutting process using shear forces, typically with a punch and die or blades, resulting in no chips.

The edges of a sheet metal part created by shearing; typically rough and ragged due to the deformation and fracture.

Light but strong, easily formed into various shapes, suitable for high production, and uses well-established processes.

A shearing process using a punch and die where a part is removed from the sheet.

A shearing process using a punch and die where the material part that is cut is removed and kept.

Occurs during shearing, and may reduce the formability of a part after shearing.

The gap between the punch and die in shearing operations, typically 2%-8% of the metal thickness, but can be as low as 1% for precision applications.

Raised edges or ridges along a sheared edge, often created by large clearances, soft ductile materials, or dull tooling.

A shearing operation producing smooth, high-quality edges with very tight clearances (less than 1% metal thickness), requiring higher forces and firm clamping.

A shearing operation that removes a portion of material (slug) from a workpiece.

A shearing operation that cuts a desired shape out of a sheet of material, leaving the rest (often scrap) behind.

Dies containing nested sets of dies for performing multiple shearing operations in sequence.

Dies with multiple stations, performing sequential operations on a metal strip to create a complex part.

A shearing operation that cuts along the length of a sheet metal using rotary knives.

Cutting a contour on sheet metal by making short overlapping slits or notches.

Creating multiple small holes in a sheet metal workpiece.

A sheet metal bending process that uses rollers to curve narrow metal sheets or bars.

A bending process using a press brake and a die (like a V-die) to create precise, small-radius bends.

Strengthening a sheet metal edge by creating a raised, rounded edge (bead).

Bending a sheet metal edge to form a 90-degree flange.

Metal bending operation creating angle less than 90 degree (flared tube).

Bending tubes around dies to form curved shapes by using mandrels; thinner tubes become unstable during bending.

A shearing operation that cuts out a desired shape (the part), leaving the rest as scrap.

A small, unwanted ridge formed on a sheet metal after cutting or shearing process.

Machine for bending sheet metal by compressing it using a punch and a die.

Joining multiple sheet metal pieces using seam welding to create a composite blank.

Properties like elongation and anisotropy that affect how sheet metal can be shaped.

The amount a metal can stretch without necking or fracturing.

Different strength and ductility in sheet metal in different directions (like wood grain).

A test that measures a metal's formability by stretching it over a curved punch.

The calculated length of the curved neutral axis in a bend.

Radius of the curve on the inside surface of a bend.

The internal angle of the bend.

Plastic deformation of sheet metal along a straight or curved line.

Elastic recovery of a material after deformation when the force is removed.

Smallest bend radius achievable without causing damage.

Technique to reduce springback by over-bending the material.

Sheet metal bending using dies in close contact with the part for better shape retention.

Bending with wide bend allowance, large bend radius, and low bending force.

The ability of sheet metal to stretch without breaking or necking.

Causes shallow depressions on the surface of mild steel sheet metal during stretching.

Sheet metal behaves differently in different planar directions due to grain orientation.

Describes how sheet metal changes thickness during stretching, related to grain orientation and Poisson's ratio.

Affects surface roughness of stretched sheet metal; coarser grains mean rougher surfaces.

Caused by uneven deformation during forming, resulting in part distortion.

Elastic recovery of a sheet metal after plastic deformation when the load is removed, causing dimensional inaccuracy and part distortion.

Compressive stress in the plane of sheet metal, potentially increasing part stiffness by increasing section modulus.

A metal's tendency to get thinner as it's stretched, related to grain orientation and Poisson's ratio.

Sheet metal forming process pulling a sheet metal blank into a forming die by mechanical force of a punch.

Drawing a part that was too difficult to draw in one operation; repeated drawing.

The bend radius becomes larger due to elastic recovery after plastic deformation (bending).

Final bend angle is smaller than the original angle.

A material's ability to be deeply drawn into a shape without tearing.

Blunt or unsharpened tool edges that lead to the formation of larger burrs during sheet metal operations.

Dies that perform multiple operations on a sheet of metal in a single stroke at one station.

A sheet metal operation that produces parts with square, smooth edges.

A sheet metal shearing operation where a slug (removed part) is discarded, and the remaining piece is kept.

Dies that involve multiple stations to perform different sheet metal operations sequentially.

Raised edge or fragment formed on the sheet metal during machining, caused by dull tooling or poor clearances.

Soft ductile materials, dull tooling, and large clearances during sheet metal operations.

Use sharp tooling, reduce clearances, and use harder, less ductile materials.

The neutral axis length in a bend used to calculate the blank size for bending.

A sheet metal forming process where a cup or other shape is drawn into a die.

Sheet metal bending operation that creates a 90-degree bend in the edges

Sheet metal operation in which the edges are overlapped or folded.

Efficiently arranging shapes on a sheet to maximize material use.

Machine that bends sheet metal by compressing it between a moving punch and a stationary die.

Machine that shears, notches, and punches holes in sheet metal.

The elastic recovery of a material after plastic deformation when the load is removed.

Method of joining multiple sheet metal pieces together using seam welding to form a composite blank.

Dies with multiple stations, performing sequential operations on a metal strip to create a complex part.

A shearing process using a punch and die where a part is removed from the sheet.