Sheep Breeds and Production
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of washing the teats before milking?

  • To increase the cow's milk production
  • To prepare the cow for grazing
  • To ensure the cleanliness and hygiene of the milk (correct)
  • To stimulate the cow's appetite

Which condition causes the greatest economic loss in the dairy industry?

  • Mastitis (correct)
  • Ketosis
  • Prolapsed uterus
  • Displaced abomasum

How often do cows typically get milked in a day?

  • Once or twice
  • 4-5 times
  • Only when necessary
  • 2-3 times (correct)

What is the initial step in the milking process?

<p>Washing the teats and wearing gloves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treatment is typically given for a case of milk fever?

<p>Infusion of calcium salts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of barn are cows tied to individual stalls during milking?

<p>Tie stall barns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of retained placenta in cows?

<p>Heat stress and low vitamin E (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do calf hutches offer after weaning?

<p>Improved ventilation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the decrease in egg production in the U.S. in 2022?

<p>Reduction in the number of commercial laying hens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs immediately after birds are unloaded from transport?

<p>Stunning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of the crumbles given to birds aged 0-18 days?

<p>1.5-3mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of a hen is responsible for the formation of yolk material?

<p>Ovary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient's increased presence has contributed to higher productivity in hens?

<p>Protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected percentage of hens in cage-free production by 2026 to meet projected demand?

<p>66% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for an egg to form and be laid?

<p>23-27 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average number of eggs a laying hen produces in a year?

<p>300 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the color of an eggshell?

<p>The hen's genetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the egg is responsible for keeping the yolk centered?

<p>Chalaza (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cuticle on an eggshell?

<p>Seals the shell to prevent loss of moisture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition can occur due to frequent egg laying in hens?

<p>Cage layer fatigue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of albumen is denser and located closest to the yolk?

<p>Thick albumen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the air cell in an egg increase in size over time?

<p>Due to moisture loss in older eggs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pigment is responsible for the darker color of egg yolks when hens are fed certain diets?

<p>Xanthophyll (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physical structure forms at the large end of the egg and provides air for the developing chick?

<p>Air cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines wool classification?

<p>Yield (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which breed of dairy cattle is known for its high milk production and predominates the U.S. dairy industry?

<p>Holstein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much milk does an average cow produce daily?

<p>6.3 gallons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important determinant of dairy cow selection?

<p>Udder structure (40%) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average annual rate of milk production increase per cow from 2013?

<p>10.4% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dairy breed is known for its ability to efficiently convert fat to milk?

<p>Jersey (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the packaging of wool typically contain?

<p>500 lbs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by misshaped proteins altering the function of other proteins?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which breed of dairy cattle is characterized by lower body maintenance needs?

<p>Jersey (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of U.S. dairy farms are family-owned?

<p>97% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a companion animal in contrast to other types of pets?

<p>Their relationship with their caretaker is the most important aspect. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common reason for the domestication of animals?

<p>To serve as pets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which breeds of dogs are considered part of the 'non-sporting' classification?

<p>Breeds that primarily serve as companions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What societal trend regarding pets has been observed in recent years?

<p>Increased spending on expensive pet foods. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of American households own pets according to recent statistics?

<p>66% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely consequence of the increasing humanization of pets?

<p>Increased spending on vet care. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a health issue commonly found in pets due to modern living conditions?

<p>Increased risk of diabetes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of animal reflects hobby animals?

<p>Animals displayed by their caretakers in organized competition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a cow-calf operation?

<p>To maintain a breeding herd of cows that give birth to calves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of heifers?

<p>They are typically less than 2 years old and not pregnant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended practice regarding milking cows during their dry period?

<p>They should be allowed to rest for 60 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is colostrum and why is it important for calves?

<p>It provides essential nutrients and antibodies necessary for immunity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the parlor milking system?

<p>Cows enter a facility where milking occurs simultaneously for all. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cattle breed is typically associated with hotter climates?

<p>Brahman (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nutritional needs do lactating dairy cows have?

<p>High-quality food to sustain milk production for about 10 months. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens to calves after they are weaned?

<p>About one-third of female calves remain on the farm for future breeding. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about British cattle breeds?

<p>They have higher milk yields compared to others. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant feature of robotic milking systems?

<p>They allow 24-hour access for cows via sensors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a young cow?

<p>Calf (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of seedstock operations?

<p>Producing purebred animals for genetic improvements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes continental cattle breeds from others?

<p>They are heavier muscled and larger in size. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of beef in the US comes from non-fed cattle?

<p>25% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Wool Grading

Sorting wool based on fineness and length.

Wool Yield

Amount of wool produced from a sheep.

Prion

A misshapen protein that causes other proteins to misfold.

Milk Production (Cow)

Average daily milk production of a cow is 6.3 gallons.

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Dairy Cattle Breeds

Different types of cows bred for milk production (Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, Ayrshire, Guernsey, Milking Shorthorn).

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Holstein Breed

Dominant dairy breed in the US, known for efficiency, black and white color, and lower milk solids.

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Jersey Breed

Second most popular dairy breed, known for high milk fat content and brown/tan colors but lower milk output per cow.

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Milk Composition

Milk is not uniform, with varying levels of fat, protein, and somatic cells.

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Udder Traits (Cows)

Udder shape, size, and placement of teats are key to milk production efficiency.

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Dairy Industry Trends

Dairy farm numbers and cow numbers decrease, though herd size and milk production increase per cow.

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Milk Cow Milking Procedures

Consistent milking procedures are crucial for dairy profitability and animal welfare. Proper hygiene, correct equipment usage, and timely treatment of common issues are vital.

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Mastitis

Inflammation of the udder, a significant economic loss in dairy farming. Causes a drop in milk production.

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Ketosis

Metabolic disorder caused by an imbalance in energy. Cows who are underfed or stressed are susceptible.

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Displaced Abomasum

A condition where the stomach moves to an abnormal position, usually due to overfeeding prior to calving. Requires veterinary attention.

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Milk Fever

An imbalance of calcium causing muscle paralysis and limiting movement in cows. Needs immediate treatment.

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Retained Placenta

A condition where the placenta doesn't detach after birth, leading to the risk of infection. Veterinary intervention is important.

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Prolapsed Uterus

The uterus moves outside the body and can be life threatening. It occurs during labor.

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Calf Housing

Individual stalls for calves outside or inside with good ventilation to prevent respiratory issues.

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Egg Shell Cuticle

A thin, waxy coating on the eggshell that helps to prevent moisture loss and protect the developing chick.

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Egg Shell Pores

Tiny holes in the eggshell that allow the developing chick to breathe while inside the egg.

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Yolk Color

The color of the yolk is determined by the hen's diet, with diets high in corn or alfalfa resulting in a darker yellow to orange color.

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Germ

The small white circle on the yolk where the embryo begins to develop in a fertile egg.

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Thick Albumen

The denser, less liquid portion of the egg white located closest to the yolk.

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Thin Albumen

The more liquid, runny portion of the egg white.

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Air Cell

A small open space at the large end of an egg formed by the separation of the two shell membranes. It provides air for the chick during hatching.

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Chalaza

The small white rope-like structures at both ends of the yolk that help keep it centered within the egg.

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Broiler Starter Feed

A specific type of feed designed for young broiler chickens during their initial growth phase (0-18 days). It's typically made of finely ground ingredients and has high protein content to promote rapid growth.

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Broiler Finisher Feed

A type of feed formulated for broiler chickens in their final growth phase, usually after 18 days. It's designed to help birds gain muscle mass efficiently and prepare them for processing.

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Broiler Catching

The process of gathering broiler chickens from their housing for transport to processing plants. It emphasizes humane handling to minimize stress on the birds.

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Broiler Stunning

A step in the processing line where birds are rendered unconscious before being slaughtered. It's a key part of ensuring humane treatment and minimizing pain.

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Broiler Scalding

The process of immersing the bird in hot water after slaughter to loosen the feathers for easier removal. It's crucial for efficient processing.

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Broiler Evisceration

The removal of the internal organs from the broiler carcass, including the crop, head, and lungs. A crucial step in preparing the bird for human consumption.

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U.S. Egg Production

The total number of eggs produced in the United States each year. This figure reflects the health of the poultry industry and consumer demand for eggs.

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Cage-Free Egg Production

A method of raising laying hens without confining them to individual cages. It allows for more space and natural behaviors, responding to consumer preferences.

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Companion Animal

An animal whose relationship with its human caretaker is the most important aspect of their life.

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Ornamental Pet

An animal kept primarily for its aesthetic value, often not named or interacted with.

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Status Symbol Pet

An animal kept to project an image or social standing, often cared for only as long as they fulfill expectations.

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Plaything Animal

An animal treated as a mere toy, given to children or used for entertainment.

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Hobby Animal

An animal displayed by its owner in organized competitions, often showcasing specific breeds or training.

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Working/Service Animal

An animal trained to perform specific tasks or services for humans, often aiding in a disability.

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Milking Methods

Traditional milking involves hand-milking in tie stalls or parlors where cows come to the milker. Parlor systems are faster, with multiple cows milked at once. Robotic milking systems are automated and available 24/7.

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Colostrum

The first milk produced by a mother cow after giving birth, rich in antibodies and essential for the calf's immune system development.

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Heifer Nutrition

Heifers (young cows) are fed high-quality forage and often grain for optimal growth and preparation for pregnancy.

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Lactating Cow Nutrition

Lactating cows need a high-quality diet to sustain milk production. Nutritional needs vary based on body size and milk output.

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Dry Period

A 60-day rest period given to cows before calving, allowing their bodies to recover and prepare for the next lactation cycle.

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Teat Cleaning Importance

Regular teat cleaning helps prevent the spread of diseases and maintains milk quality.

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Beef Cattle

Cattle raised primarily for meat production.

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Bos indicus

Humped zebu cattle originally from India and Africa, known for heat resistance and disease tolerance.

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Bos taurus

Cattle originating from temperate climates, known for varieties like Angus, Hereford, and Shorthorn.

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Beef indicus Cattle

Cattle with humped backs, large ears, and short coats, well-suited for hot and arid climates. Examples include Brahman.

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British Cattle

Cattle originating from the British Isles, known for smaller size, higher milk yield, and breeds like Angus and Hereford.

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Continental Cattle

Larger cattle breeds from Europe, often heavier muscled and used for meat, milk, and draft purposes.

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American Cattle

Breeds developed in the US, often incorporating Brahman crosses.

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Seedstock Operations

Purebred breeders that focus on genetic improvements and provide replacement bulls to other farms.

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Cow-Calf Operation

Farmers who maintain a herd of mother cows that produce calves annually, raising them until weaning.

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Study Notes

Production Sheep

  • Merino sheep are the most dominant breed in the global industry.
  • Merino sheep have very fine fleeces.
  • They are hardy, long-lived, and typically smaller and slower growing than other breeds.
  • Rambouillet sheep are larger and faster-growing than Merino sheep.
  • They are dominant in the western U.S. and Texas.
  • Rambouillet sheep were developed by King Louis XVI.
  • Columbia sheep are a crossbreed between Lincoln rams and Rambouillet rams.
  • They are the largest of the crossbred breeds.
  • Columbia sheep have coarser wool than Rambouillets.
  • Hampshire sheep are bred for rapid growth and muscle development.
  • They are one of the most popular sire breeds in commercial sheep production.
  • Southdown sheep are among the oldest breeds.
  • They produce meaty, lightweight carcasses and have low maintenance needs.
  • Suffolk sheep are an old breed used extensively as sire breeds in commercial production.
  • They grow quickly and produce lean, muscular carcasses.

Goat Breeds

  • Angora goats produce mohair, one of the world's finest and most valuable types of hair.
  • Angora goats are sheared twice a year.
  • The hair of kid goats becomes coarser as they age.

Managed under range conditions

  • Boer goats are a South African breed known for high-quality meat production.
  • They have hardy constitutions, grow quickly, and produce carcasses high in quality.
  • This breed is known for its docility.
  • Nubian goats are a popular registered dairy breed in the U.S.
  • They have a high butterfat content and produce more milk than other breeds.
  • They are of Middle Eastern origin and can tolerate hot climates.

Maternal lines

  • Maternal lines for prolific and heavy milking are crossed with sire lines to produce fast-growing, muscular carcasses.
  • The goal is to produce high-quality market lambs in feedlots.
  • Feedlot management is also aimed at reaching a marketable weight.

Feedlot Management

  • Feedlot management systems need a consistent supply of high quality lambs.
  • They also need to meet market needs for premium quality.

Management Practices

  • Range vs shed lambing-kidding methods.
  • Docking and castration are performed at a young age for better outcomes.
  • Procedures for docking and castration are chosen for early in life procedures to reduce stress and complications for the animals.
  • Crutching and facing involve removing wool from reproductive areas and the facial area to prevent obstruction.

Drenching and Spraying

  • Drenching and spraying are often used to remove internal and external parasites.
  • Predators like mountain lions and wolves commonly prey on sheep and goats.
  • Introducing different animals in the same location will mitigate risk of predation for some animals.

Skeletal correctness

  • Skeletal correctness is an important trait in sheep breeding, and includes considerations like wide chests and ribcages.
  • Frame size is also a consideration in breeding programs.
  • Fleece characteristics like density, fineness, and uniformity of grade are important considerations to wool production.
  • Shearing is done in spring and usually takes 2-3 minutes.
  • Wool is graded and packaged into bales containing 500 lbs.
  • Bales are sampled and processed to determine wool yield.

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Production Notes For ANSC PDF

Description

Discover the key characteristics and production qualities of various sheep breeds, including Merino, Rambouillet, Columbia, Hampshire, Southdown, and Suffolk. This quiz covers their origins, growth rates, and wool types, providing a comprehensive overview of sheep in the global industry.

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