SHA-3 Hash Function

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What was announced by NIST in 2007?

The publication of the SHA-3 standard

The winning design of the SHA-3 competition

A competition for the next generation NIST hash function (correct)

The standardization of SHA-2

What is the name of the winning design of the SHA-3 competition?

SHA-2

Sponge construction

SHA-1

Keccak (correct)

What is the main idea behind digital signatures?

To decrypt a message

To share a public key with others

To use a private key on a message to generate a unique piece of information (correct)

To encrypt a message

Why are digital signatures created and verified over the hash of the message?

To ensure the integrity of the message Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of adding a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) to a message?

To detect if the sent and restored messages are the same Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a public key in digital signatures?

To verify the digital signature Signup and view all the answers

What does public-key encryption provide?

Only confidentiality Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Message Authentication Code (MAC)?

To ensure the message is unaltered and comes from the sender Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a MAC function?

It generates a small fixed-size block of data based on the message Signup and view all the answers

What is shared between the sender and receiver in a MAC-based system?

A secret key Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for a MAC?

Cryptographic checksum Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using hash functions in authentication and digital signatures?

To ensure integrity with or without confidentiality Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using keyed hash functions over block ciphers?

They are faster and not limited by export controls Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the HMAC structure?

To authenticate the message with a shared secret key Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for HMAC security?

The hash function must be secure Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of block hash calculations required for HMAC?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for attacking HMAC with a birthday attack?

Observe a very large (2^n/2) number of messages Signup and view all the answers

Why is public key encryption not used for bulk message encryption?

It is too costly Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the enveloping mechanism in cryptography?

To enable fast encryption and decryption without pre-establishing keys Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of symmetric cryptography?

It provides fast encryption and decryption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of a session key (Ks)?

To establish a shared secret key between parties Signup and view all the answers

What topics will be covered next in the course?

Key Distribution/Management and Authentication Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between EP and DP?

EP is used for public-key encryption, while DP is used for public-key decryption Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of collision-resistant hash functions in digital signatures?

To prevent modifications to the message without changing the hash value Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind the Birthday attack?

To generate a fraudulent message with the same hash value as a legitimate message Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) over RSA?

ECC has a smaller key size than RSA but provides similar security Signup and view all the answers

What does Message Authentication provide?

Authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Message Authentication Code (MAC) functions?

To demonstrate knowledge of a shared secret without revealing it Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using Hash-based MAC over encryption for message authentication?

It is faster and more efficient than encryption Signup and view all the answers