Sexuality and Consent Education

Definitions and Behaviours

• Fellatio: Oral stimulation of the penis.
• Frottage: "Dry-humping" (clothed or unclothed).
• Definitions of "having sex" affect STI risk perceptions and prevention strategies.

First Sexual Experiences

• Factors delaying first intercourse: Strong family bonds, parental disapproval, education, religious beliefs.
• Factors accelerating first intercourse: Peer pressure, substance use, older partners.

Consent

• Must be clear, voluntary, and ongoing.
• Verbal affirmative consent is the gold standard.

Sexual Behaviours

• Solitary Behaviours:
  • Masturbation: Common, healthy, myths debunked.
  • Fantasy: Enhances arousal, treats sexual problems, common across all orientations.
• Partnered Behaviours:
  • Oral sex: Includes cunnilingus, fellatio, anilingus.
  • Intercourse: Diverse positions; orgasm focus can create pressure.

Sexual Relationships

• Friends with Benefits (FWBR): No exclusivity, rarely discussed.
• Consensual Non-Monogamy (CNM): Includes polyamory, swinging, open relationships.
• Monogamy & Marriage: Most couples eventually settle into monogamy; declining marriage rates in Canada.

Statistics

• Canadian students' sexual activity: ~19-23% by Grade 9, ~40-46% by Grade 11.
• Lifetime sexual partners: Gay men: 42.8; Lesbian women: 9.4; Heterosexual men: 16.5; Heterosexual women: 4.6.

Cultural and Social Insights

• Gender/sexual diversity influences experiences of intimacy and societal acceptance.
• Non-monogamy stigma persists despite increasing acceptance.

Plagiarism & Academic Integrity

• Quizzes require 100% to pass for academic integrity.

iClicker Use

• Participation-based grading for iClicker.
• Ensure correct frequency (e.g., AA for Week 2).

iClicker Questions

• SFU Health Sciences Undergraduate Program started in 2006.
• Reducing stigma in 2S/LGBTQ+ communities involves:
  • Supportive environments.
  • Understanding trauma.
  • Affirming partners.
  • Data collection.

Sexual Health

• WHO definition: Physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being regarding sexuality.

History of Sexology

• Key figures and works: Kama Sutra (2nd century BCE), Darwin (sexual selection & evolution), Freud (psychosexual stages).

Sex Research Methods

• Surveys (e.g., Kinsey's studies).
• Observational methods (e.g., Masters & Johnson).

Theories of Sexuality

• Psychodynamic Theory (Freud): Development through psychosexual stages.
• Learning Theories: Classical and operant conditioning.
• Social Learning Theory: Observational learning.
• Sociobiological Theory: Evolutionary basis of reproductive behaviour.
• Social Constructionism: Sexuality shaped by culture and language.

Sexual Anatomy and Physiology

• Sexual Differentiation: Gonadal development influenced by hormones.
  • Males: Testosterone & AMH.
  • Females: Absence of specific hormones.
• Female Anatomy: External (clitoris, labia, vulva, vaginal opening); Internal (vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries). Variability of labia/clitoris' role emphasized.
• Male Anatomy: External (penis, scrotum); Internal (testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, Cowper's glands).
• Circumcision: Benefits (reduced UTIs/STIs) and risks (trauma).
• Sexual Response Cycles (Masters & Johnson): Excitement, Plateau, Orgasm, Resolution.

Hormones and Reproductive Systems

• Endocrine system: Regulates metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
• HPG Axis: Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system for sex hormone production.
• Key Hormones: GnRH, LH, FSH, testosterone, inhibin, progesterone, estrogen. Explained in detail.

Menstrual Cycle

• Hormonal stages: Explained in detail. Focus on role of hormones.

Physical Attraction

• Symmetry and "average" features increase attractiveness.
• Menstrual cycle effects: Women may prefer masculine traits during fertility, men may find women more attractive during fertile phase.

Intimacy and Love

• Types of intimacy: Emotional, physical, intellectual, experiential, spiritual.
• Attachment styles (Bartholomew's theory): Secure, preoccupied, dismissive, fearful.

First Sexual Experiences (Week 8)

• Factors delaying first intercourse: Parental guidance, education, academic achievement.
• Positive emotional outcomes associated with first experiences in close relationships.

Sexual Consent (Week 8)

• Components necessary for consent: Clear understanding, free will (no coercion), ongoing agreement.
• Verbal consent is ideal; implied is also sometimes acceptable

Sexual Behaviours (Week 8)

• Solitary sexual behaviors (e.g., fantasy, masturbation).
• Partnered sexual behaviors: Kissing, touching, oral sex (cunnilingus, fellatio, anilingus), non-penetrative (frottage, scissoring, intercrural sex), & penetrative (vaginal, anal, toy use).

Sexual Relationships (Week 8)

• Types of non-monogamy: Polyamory, swinging, open relationships.
• "Friends with benefits" compared with dating relationships.

Key Exam Preparation Tips

• Review lecture slides and notes.
• Focus on definitions, case studies, DSM-5 criteria, hormonal vs. non-hormonal contraception.
• Understand STI symptoms, treatments, and prevention methods.

Conception and Fetal Development (Week 10)

• Conception: Egg fertilization by sperm; journey to uterus; zygote implantation.
• Pregnancy detection: Indicators like basal body temperature & chemical tests.
• Fetal development: Trimester-by-trimester phases (organ/tissue development, detectable heartbeat, brain development).
• Pregnancy effects: First, second, and third trimester discomfort/changes.

Causes of Sexual Problems (Week 11)

• Intrapsychic, interpersonal, cultural, & organic (physical health conditions) causes.

Sexual Difficulties in Men and Women

• Disorders and drug-related causes.

Contraception (Week 12)

• Hormonal methods: Pills, patches, IUDs.
• Barrier methods: Condoms.
• Natural methods: Rhythm and sympto-thermal.
• Surgical methods: Vasectomy and tubal ligation.
• Emergency contraception: Plan B, copper IUD.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) (Week 13)

• Categories: Bacterial, viral, parasitic.
• Prevention and management: Vaccines (HPV and hepatitis B); antibiotic treatments; historical ethical issues (like the Tuskegee Syphilis Study) examined.

Theories of Love (Key Points)

• Sternberg's Triangular Theory: Intimacy, passion, commitment.
• Love Styles (Lee): Eros, Storge, Ludus, Pragma, Mania, Agape.

Communication in Relationships (Key Points)

• Effective communication strategies (I-statements, active listening).
• Importance of non-verbal cues.

Jealousy (Key Points)

• Normal vs. pathological jealousy.
• Social media's role in jealousy.

Key Statistics (Key Points)

• First intercourse rates (grades 9 and 11).
• Divorce rate in Canada.

Hormone causing endometrium thickening

• Progesterone & Estrogen.