Sexual Offenses Overview

The stage of diving where the diver ascends back to the surface, experiencing a decrease in pressure.

The recommended rate at which a diver should ascend during the decompression phase to avoid decompression sickness.

The condition that occurs when dissolved gases come out of solution too quickly during a rapid ascent, forming bubbles that can obstruct blood flow.

A pressure-related injury that can occur during ascent due to the expansion of compressed gases in the body's cavities.

A type of barotrauma that can occur during ascent if a diver holds their breath, leading to lung overexpansion and potential rupture.

Sexual acts involving animals.

The examination of a crime victim often includes collecting biological traces and investigating the victim's condition.

A sign of rape that refers to damage to the hymen with fresh injuries.

A sign that can indicate rape, but can also occur during normal intercourse.

The process of determining if sexual penetration and ejaculation occurred during an assault.

A sign that indicates the presence of sperm, which can be detected via a vaginal swab.

A sign of violence that involves physical marks on the victim's body, such as grip marks, bruises, and bite marks.

A situation where a victim is unable to resist an assault due to factors such as unconsciousness, age, or mental health.

A set of photographs taken at a crime scene to document the scene, the victim, their injuries, and any other important details.

The time spent underwater at a particular depth directly impacts the amount of nitrogen that dissolves into the body's tissues. The longer the dive, the more nitrogen dissolves.

Tissues that receive a higher blood flow absorb nitrogen at a faster rate.

Fatty tissues, such as those in the brain and spinal cord, are more prone to absorbing nitrogen because nitrogen is more soluble in fat than other tissues.

When we inhale air, nitrogen from the air dissolves into the blood in our lungs.

Nitrogen travels from the blood into the tissues, particularly fatty tissues, due to the increased pressure underwater. Under pressure, more nitrogen dissolves into the body.

The process of nitrogen leaving the tissues and returning to the lungs during ascent.

During ascent, the partial pressure of nitrogen in the blood and tissues becomes greater than in the lungs, leading to supersaturation.

Rapid ascents can cause nitrogen to come out of solution too quickly, forming bubbles in the blood and tissues, leading to decompression sickness.

A type of decompression sickness characterized by fatigue, joint/muscle pain, and skin rashes.

A type of decompression sickness characterized by clouded thinking, numbness, weakness, paralysis, rash, and poor balance.

A treatment for decompression sickness involving breathing 100% oxygen in a pressurized chamber to reduce the size of nitrogen bubbles and facilitate their absorption back into the bloodstream.

The process of increasing pressure surrounding a diver to reduce the size of nitrogen bubbles and aid in their absorption into the bloodstream.

A broad term encompassing various clinical symptoms caused by bubbles in the body, including Decompression Sickness (DCS) and Cerebral Arterial Gas Embolism (CAGE).

A type of DCS that affects the brain, causing various neurological symptoms. It's often referred to as Cerebral DCS.

Cerebral DCS is characterized by occlusion of cerebral vascular beds by gas microbubbles. Symptoms include hemiplegia (weakness on one side of the body), visual disturbances, confusion, speech disorder, and sometimes even seizures.

Spinal DCS involves occlusion of the spinal cord by gas microbubbles. Symptoms include weakness, paralysis, loss of sensation, and incontinence.

A condition where nitrogen dissolved in the bloodstream during deep dives affects the central nervous system, leading to symptoms similar to alcohol intoxication.

A condition that develops rapidly due to pulmonary barotrauma (ruptured alveoli), leading to air bubbles entering the bloodstream.

A condition that involves microbubbles in the heart muscle, sometimes classified as Type 1 DCS.

Occurs due to changes in the partial pressure of gases in the diver's breathing environment, such as Nitrogen Narcosis.

Breathing helium allows divers to reach greater depths without experiencing nitrogen narcosis, a condition that affects mental clarity and judgment.

HPNS occurs when the nervous system reacts negatively to rapid pressure changes at depth, leading to symptoms like dizziness, nausea, and impaired cognitive function.

Adding a small amount of nitrogen to the breathing gas can help stabilize the nervous system and prevent HPNS.

Breathing pure oxygen at high pressures can lead to oxygen toxicity, causing seizures or respiratory distress.

Monitoring oxygen levels and exposure time is crucial to prevent oxygen toxicity. Avoid prolonged exposure to high oxygen pressure.