Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors Overview

What is a characteristic clinical presentation of granulosa-theca cell tumors in postmenopausal women?

What distinguishes a Krukenberg tumor from primary ovarian mucinous carcinoma?

Which tumor is primarily associated with hirsutism and virilization due to androgen production?

Which of the following statements regarding fibromas is incorrect?

What is the main cause behind pseudomyxoma peritonei?

Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors

Tumors resembling sex cord-stromal tissues of the ovary
Granulosa-theca cell tumor
- Neoplastic proliferation of granulosa and theca cells
- Often produces estrogen, causing signs of estrogen excess
  - Precocious puberty before puberty
  - Menorrhagia or metrorrhagia during reproductive years
  - Endometrial hyperplasia with postmenopausal uterine bleeding after menopause (most common in this setting)
- Malignant, but low risk of metastasis
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
- Composed of Sertoli cells forming tubules and Leydig cells between tubules
- Contains characteristic Reinke crystals
- May produce androgen, associated with hirsutism and virilization
Fibroma
- Benign tumor of fibroblasts
- Associated with pleural effusions and ascites (Meigs syndrome)
- Symptoms resolve with tumor removal

Metastasis

Krukenberg tumor
- Metastatic mucinous tumor affecting both ovaries
- Usually from a diffuse type of metastatic gastric carcinoma (most cases)
- Bilaterality helps distinguish this from a primary ovarian mucinous carcinoma (which is typically unilateral)
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
- Massive accumulation of mucus in the peritoneum
- Typically due to a mucinous tumor of the appendix, often with metastasis to the ovary

Explore the various types of sex cord-stromal tumors, including Granulosa-theca cell tumors and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. Understand their characteristics, symptoms, and potential complications such as metastatic spread. This quiz offers insights into diagnosis and treatment options for these tumors.