Set Theory Quiz for Algebra Class 10

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Questions and Answers

What is the set of irrational numbers represented by?

  • Q - R
  • R ∩ Q
  • R - Q (correct)
  • R U Q

The sets {2, 3, 4, 5} and {3, 6} are disjoint sets.

False (B)

The sets {a, e, i, o, u} and {a, b, c, d} are disjoint sets.

False (B)

The sets {2, 6, 10, 14} and {3, 7, 11, 15} are disjoint sets.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sets {2, 6, 10} and {3, 7, 11} are disjoint sets.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given a universal set U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} and a subset A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}, what is the complement of A (A')?

<p>{2, 4, 6, 8, 10}</p> Signup and view all the answers

If U is the universal set and A is a subset of U, then the complement of A is the set of all elements of U which are not the elements of A. This is denoted by ______

<p>A'</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Complement of a set A with respect to U = The set of all elements in U that are not in A Disjoint sets = Sets with no common elements Universal set = The set containing all elements under consideration</p> Signup and view all the answers

The set of elements that belong to both set A and set B is called the ______ of A and B.

<p>intersection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the set operations with their corresponding descriptions:

<p>A ∩ B = The set containing elements found in both A and B. A ∪ B = The set containing all elements from A and B. A - B = The set containing elements found in A but not in B.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two sets have no elements in common, they are called disjoint sets.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of intersection?

<p>Inverse law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given sets A = { 1, 2, 3, 4 } and B = { 3, 4, 5, 6 }, find the difference A - B.

<p>{ 1, 2 }</p> Signup and view all the answers

The difference of two sets is always commutative.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The set-builder notation for the difference of two sets A and B is A - B = {x: x ∈ A ______ x ∉ B}.

<p>and</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Venn diagrams represents the difference of two sets A and B, where A is the larger circle and B is the smaller circle inside A?

<p>A shaded region within A, but not touching B. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following numbers is an example of a rational number?

<p>-5 (B), 5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The set of natural numbers is a subset of the set of irrational numbers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the notation for the set of all real numbers that are not rational numbers?

<p>T</p> Signup and view all the answers

The interval [2, 5] represents all real numbers between 2 and 5, ______ the endpoints.

<p>including</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct representation of the interval (–3, 5) in set-builder form?

<p>{x : –3 &lt; x &lt; 5} (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the interval notation with its corresponding set-builder form:

<p>(–∞, 0) = {x : x &lt; 0} [0, ∞) = {x : x ≥ 0} (a, b) = {x : a &lt; x &lt; b} [a, b] = {x : a ≤ x ≤ b}</p> Signup and view all the answers

The length of the interval (2, 7) is 5.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the universal set in the context of studying the system of numbers?

<p>The set of real numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Georg Cantor is credited with the origination of modern set theory.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered to have first presented set theory as principles of logic?

<p>Gottlob Frege (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What paradox, discovered by Bertrand Russell, led to a re-evaluation of the foundational assumptions of set theory?

<p>Russell's Paradox</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first axiomatization of set theory was published in 1908 by ______.

<p>Ernst Zermelo</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the mathematicians with their contributions to set theory:

<p>Georg Cantor = Originated modern set theory Richard Dedekind = Supported Cantor's work Gottlob Frege = Presented set theory as logical principles Bertrand Russell = Discovered Russell's Paradox Ernst Zermelo = Published the first axiomatization of set theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a De Morgan's Law?

<p>(A ∪ B)′ = A′ ∪ B′ (B), (A ∩ B)′ = A′ ∩ B′ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The set of all sets is a valid concept in modern set theory.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of language is used to express most mathematical concepts and results in modern mathematics?

<p>Set theoretic language</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sets is a subset of B = {2, 4, 6}?

<p>{2, 4} (C), {2, 4, 6} (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If A ⊂ B and B ⊂ C, then A ⊂ C.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the union of sets A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {3, 4, 5}?

<p>{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}</p> Signup and view all the answers

The set of all elements that are in set A but not in set B is called the ______ of A and B.

<p>difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of set operations?

<p>Distributive property of union over intersection: A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following set operations with their corresponding notations:

<p>Union = A ∪ B Intersection = A ∩ B Difference = A - B Complement = A'</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the union of two sets?

<p>The union of two sets is the set of elements that are in either set or both. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If set B is a subset of set A, then the union of A and B will always be equal to set A.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given set A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and set B = {3, 4, 5}, what is the intersection of sets A and B, A ∩ B?

<p>{3, 4}</p> Signup and view all the answers

The symbol '∪' represents the ______ of two sets.

<p>union</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following properties of the union operation with their corresponding laws.

<p>A ∪ B = B ∪ A = Commutative law (A ∪ B) ∪ C = A ∪ (B ∪ C) = Associative law A ∪ φ = A = Law of identity element A ∪ A = A = Idempotent law U ∪ A = U = Law of U</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sets represents the intersection of sets X = {Ram, Geeta, Akbar} and Y = {Geeta, David, Ashok}?

<p>{Geeta} (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The intersection of two sets always results in a set that is smaller than or equal to the size of the smaller of the two original sets.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} and set B = {2, 3, 5, 7}, what is the union of these sets, A ∪ B?

<p>{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Union of Sets

The union of two sets A and B includes all elements in A or B or both.

A ∪ B = A

If B is a subset of A, the union of A and B equals A.

Set Notation for Union

A ∪ B = { x : x ∈ A or x ∈ B } shows union definition using set notation.

Commutative Law of Union

A ∪ B = B ∪ A illustrates the order of union does not matter.

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Associative Law of Union

(A ∪ B) ∪ C = A ∪ (B ∪ C) shows grouping does not impact union.

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Identity Element in Union

A ∪ φ = A indicates A remains unchanged when unioned with the empty set.

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Intersection of Sets

The intersection of sets A and B consists of elements common to both A and B.

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Set Notation for Intersection

A ∩ B = { x : x ∈ A and x ∈ B } describes intersection using set notation.

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Disjoint sets

Two sets A and B are disjoint if A ∩ B = φ, meaning they have no elements in common.

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Commutative law of intersection

A ∩ B = B ∩ A; the order of intersection does not matter.

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Associative law of intersection

(A ∩ B) ∩ C = A ∩ (B ∩ C); how sets are grouped does not affect intersection.

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Difference of sets

The difference A - B is the set of elements in A but not in B.

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Venn diagram representation

A visual tool to show relationships between sets, including intersections and differences.

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Idempotent law

A ∩ A = A; the intersection of a set with itself is the set.

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Distributive law of intersection

A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C); intersection distributes over union.

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Rational Numbers (Q)

Rational numbers can be expressed as fractions a/b, where a and b are integers and b ≠ 0.

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Irrational Numbers (T)

Irrational numbers cannot be expressed as fractions and include numbers like π and √2.

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Open Interval

An open interval (a, b) includes all numbers y such that a < y < b, excluding a and b.

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Closed Interval

A closed interval [a, b] includes all numbers x such that a ≤ x ≤ b, including a and b.

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Mixed Interval Notation

Intervals can be mixed, e.g., [a, b) includes a but not b; (a, b] includes b but not a.

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Length of an Interval

The length of an interval (a, b) is calculated as (b - a).

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Universal Set

The universal set contains all possible elements relevant to a particular context.

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Set-Builder Notation

Set-builder notation describes a set by a property that its members must satisfy, like {x : –5 < x ≤ 7}.

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R - Q

The set of real numbers that are not rational numbers (irrational numbers).

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Complement of a Set

The set of all elements in the universal set U that are not in set A, denoted as A′.

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Universal Set (U)

A set that contains all possible elements relevant to a particular discussion or problem.

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Example of Complement

If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} and A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}, then A′ = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}.

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Judging Disjointness

To determine if two sets are disjoint, check if they share any elements.

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Subset

A set A is a subset of set U if all elements of A are also in U.

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Divisors of 42

Numbers that can divide 42 without leaving a remainder (1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42).

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De Morgan's Laws

For sets A and B, (A ∪ B)' = A' ∩ B' and (A ∩ B)' = A' ∪ B'.

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Georg Cantor

German mathematician credited with developing set theory.

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Cantor's Revelation

Cantor showed the set of real numbers is larger than the integers.

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Russell's Paradox

The contradiction arising from assuming a set of all sets exists.

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Axiomatisation of Set Theory

Formal principles established to avoid paradoxes in set theory.

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Ernst Zermelo

Mathematician who published the first axiomatisation of set theory in 1908.

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Von Neumann-Bernays Gödel Theory

A modified axiomatisation of set theory that addressed earlier paradoxes.

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Set Theory Language

Modern mathematics often uses set theory for expressing concepts.

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Empty Set

A set that does not contain any elements, denoted as φ.

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Finite Set

A set with a definite number of elements.

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Infinite Set

A set that has no end and cannot be counted completely.

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Subset Definition

A set A is a subset of set B if every element of A is also in B.

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Set Equality

Two sets A and B are equal if they contain the exact same elements.

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Union Operation

The union of sets A and B includes all elements that are in A, B, or both.

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Intersection Definition

The intersection of sets A and B includes only the elements common to both sets.

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Set Difference

The difference of sets A and B (A - B) includes elements in A but not in B.

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Study Notes

Sets

  • Sets are fundamental in modern mathematics, used in nearly every branch of the field.
  • Sets define relations and functions.
  • Georg Cantor, a German mathematician (1845-1918), developed set theory.
  • Sets are collections of objects of a specific kind.
  • Well-defined collections of objects are sets.

Set Representations

  • Roster form: Lists elements within braces { }, separated by commas.
    • Example: {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} (Odd natural numbers less than 10)
    • Order of elements is irrelevant
  • Set-builder form: Defines a set by describing its elements' properties inside braces{ }.
    • Example: {x | x is a vowel in the English alphabet}

Special Sets

  • N: Natural numbers (1, 2, 3, ...)
  • Z: Integers (...-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...)
  • Q: Rational numbers (fractions)
  • R: Real numbers (all numbers on the number line)
  • Z+: Positive integers (1, 2, 3, ...)
  • Q+: Positive rational numbers (positive fractions)
  • R+: Positive real numbers

Empty Set

  • A set with no elements is called the empty set (∅ or {}).

Finite and Infinite Sets

  • Finite sets: Have a definite number of elements.
  • Infinite sets: Do not have a definite number of elements.
    • Examples include natural numbers, integers, and real numbers.

Equal Sets

  • Two sets are equal if they have the exact same elements.
  • The order of elements in a set does not matter.

Subsets

  • A set A is a subset of set B (A ⊂ B) if every element of A is also in B.
  • Every set is a subset of itself.
  • The empty set is a subset of every set.

Set Operations

  • Union (∪): Combines elements from both sets, listing each element only once.
  • Intersection (∩): Combines elements common to both sets.
  • Difference (–): Combines elements from the first set that are not in the second set.
    • Example: A – B = elements in A but not in B

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