Server Types and Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of memory is known for its very high expense and speed inside a microprocessor?

  • RAM
  • Cache Memory (correct)
  • Hard Drive
  • Registers

    • Registers typically hold final results after processing.

    False

    What does the Program Counter (PC) do?

    Keeps track of the next instruction to be executed

    The _____ is a highway for bits to travel among the internal components of a computer.

    <p>bus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following registers with their primary functions:

    <p>Program Counter (PC) = Holds the instruction to be decoded Instruction Register (IR) = Tracks the next instruction to execute Memory Address Register (MAR) = Holds the address of the next location in RAM Accumulator (ACC) = Stores temporary results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bus carries actual data bits?

    <p>Data Bus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Control Bus transfers locations where data should be sent.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Memory Buffer Register (MBR)?

    <p>Stores data coming to or being transferred by the CPU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An _____ register communicates with input/output devices.

    <p>Input/Output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the Address Bus?

    <p>Transfers locations for data to be sent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an embedded computer?

    <p>To function as a component in a larger product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Embedded computers can be found in home automation devices.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two advantages of using computers.

    <p>Speed and Reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An example of a device that might contain an embedded computer is a ______.

    <p>thermostat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the embedded devices with their applications:

    <p>Mobile phones = Consumer Electronics Antilock brakes = Automobiles Remote monitoring systems = Home Automation Medical devices = Process Controllers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of using computers?

    <p>Innovative Developments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RAM and ROM are types of secondary memory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory is primarily used for short-term data processing?

    <p>RAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is a type of primary memory that retains data without power.

    <p>ROM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which embedded device is used for controlling the functioning of engine systems in vehicles?

    <p>Antilock brakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Servers

    • A server is a computer dedicated to providing one or more services to other computers or devices on a network.
    • Types of servers include rack servers, blade servers, and tower servers.

    Dedicated Servers

    • Application server: stores and runs applications.
    • Backup server: backs up and restores files, folders, and media.
    • Database server: stores and provides access to a database.
    • Domain name server: stores domain names and their corresponding IP addresses.
    • File server (or storage server): stores and manages files.
    • FTP server: stores files for user upload or download via FTP.
    • Game server: provides a central location for online gaming.
    • Home server: provides storage, internet connections, or other services to computers and devices in a household.
    • List server: stores and manages email lists.
    • Mail server: stores and delivers email messages.
    • Network server: manages network traffic.
    • Print server: manages printers and documents being printed.
    • Web server: stores and delivers requested webpages to a computer via a browser.

    Virtualization

    • Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling computing resources, such as servers and storage devices.
    • Server virtualization uses software to enable a physical server to emulate the hardware and computing capabilities of one or more servers, known as virtual servers.
    • A server farm is a network of several servers together in a single location.
    • A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful server that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously.

    Terminals

    • A terminal is a computer, usually with limited processing power, that enables users to send data to and/or receive information from a server or host computer.
    • A thin client is a terminal that looks like a desktop but has limited capabilities and components.
    • POS (point of sale) terminals are used in retail stores to record purchases, process credit or debit cards, and update inventory.
    • Grocery stores use self-service checkouts with these terminals, where consumers scan purchases, store or saver cards, coupons, and then pay.
    • An ATM (automated teller machine) is a self-service banking terminal that connects to a host computer through a network and allows customers to access their bank accounts.
    • A self-service kiosk is a freestanding terminal, usually with a touch screen, for user interaction.

    Supercomputers

    • A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer, and also the most expensive.
    • Supercomputers can process many trillions of instructions in a single second.

    Cloud Computing

    • Cloud computing refers to an environment that provides resources and services accessed via the internet.
    • Users access resources on the cloud through their internet connections.

    Embedded Computers

    • An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product.
    • Examples of embedded computers in various product categories are provided.

    Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers

    • Advantages: speed, reliability, consistency, storage, communications.
    • Disadvantages: health risks, violation of privacy, public safety, impact on labor force, impact on environment.

    The System Unit

    • The system unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data.
    • The inside of a desktop personal computer includes drive bays, power supply, sound card, video card, processor, and memory.

    Motherboard

    • The motherboard is the main circuit board of the system unit.
    • A computer chip contains integrated circuits.

    Processor

    • The processor, also called the CPU, interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate a computer.
    • It contains a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU).
    • The control unit directs and coordinates most operations in the computer.
    • The ALU performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations.
    • For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of four basic operations, which comprise a machine cycle.
    • The steps in a machine cycle include fetch, decode, execute, and store. The processor also contains registers, which temporarily hold data and instructions.
    • The system clock controls the timing of all computer operations. The pace of the system clock is called clock speed and is measured in gigahertz (GHz).
    • Processor chips generate heat that could cause the chip to burn up. Additional cooling is needed, such as heat sinks or liquid cooling technology.

    Memory

    • Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, the data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data.
    • Memory stores three basic categories of items: the operating system and other system software, application programs, and data being processed and the resulting information.

    RAM

    • RAM (Random Access Memory) is packaged as a chip.
    • The basic storage unit is a cell (one bit per cell).
    • Multiple RAM chips form complete memory.
    • Volatile memory is used for temporary storage, with typical ranges of 256 MB to 4 GB.
    • Direct access to any part of memory is called random access.

    ROM

    • ROM (Read-Only Memory) is nonvolatile memory.
    • Types of ROMs include PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory.
    • Firmware are program instructions used frequently, and are often stored in ROM.
      • Examples include boot time code, BIOS (basic input/output system), graphics cards, and disk controllers.

    Memory Cache

    • Memory cache speeds computer processes by storing frequently used instructions and data.
    • The processor chip includes L1 cache (fastest access), L2 cache, and L3 cache (slower access).
    • RAM is the slowest in the hierarchy.

    Classification of Memory Unit

    • Hierarchical classification of memory based on access time and cost.
    • Registers, cache, internal processor memory, primary memory (RAM, ROM), secondary memory (hard disk, floppy).

    Cache Memory

    • Cache memory is inside a microprocessor and is very expensive.
    • It's designed to match processor speed, offering faster access time—similar to a library system that stores frequently used objects.

    Registers

    • Registers are high-speed special-purpose memory units controlled by the control unit.
    • They usually hold intermediate results.

    Some Important Registers

    • Program counter (PC): tracks the next instruction's location.

    • Instruction register (IR): holds the instruction for the control unit.

    • Memory address register (MAR): holds the address of the next RAM location to access.

    • Memory buffer register (MBR): temporarily stores data going to or from the CPU.

    • Accumulator (ACC): general-purpose register for temporary results.

    • Data register (DR): stores operands.

    • Input/output register: communicates with input/output devices.

    Buses

    • A bus is a channel that allows devices to communicate.
    • It acts like a highway, carrying data bits between internal components.
    • Types of buses include data bus (for data transfer), address bus (for memory address transfer), and control bus (for controlling signals).

    Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards

    • An expansion slot on a motherboard can hold adapter cards.
    • Adapter cards enhance components' functions and provide connections for peripherals like sound or video cards.

    Ports and Connectors

    • A port is the point where peripherals attach to or communicate with the system unit (sometimes referred to as a jack).
    • A connector joins a cable to a port.
    • USB ports can interconnect up to 127 peripherals via a single connector and can also be used with a USB hub.
    • Other ports and connector types include Bluetooth, IrDA, port replicators, and docking stations.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on different types of servers and their functions. This quiz covers application servers, database servers, web servers, and more. Understand how these servers play a pivotal role in network services.

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