Module 2-1a
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What is a primary concern of RAID 1?

  • Enhancing read performance
  • Providing fault-tolerance (correct)
  • Reducing write times
  • Increasing storage capacity

    • Which RAID level involves data being striped across multiple drives with parity information?

  • RAID 0
  • RAID 1
  • RAID 10
  • RAID 5 (correct)

    • How does the performance of RAID 0 compare to RAID 1?

  • RAID 0 is slower than RAID 1
  • RAID 1 is faster during writing operations
  • There is no performance difference between RAID 0 and RAID 1
  • RAID 0 offers better read and write speeds (correct)

    • Which statement best describes hardware RAID?

    <p>It relies on a separate disk controller and appears as a storage device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to data in RAID 0 if a physical hard disk fails?

    <p>All data becomes unrecoverable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of RAID 0?

    <p>It enhances performance by striping data across multiple disks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benefit do both hardware and software RAID provide?

    <p>Protection against data loss due to hardware failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is RAID 1 most beneficial?

    <p>When data availability and recovery are critical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might an organization choose software RAID over hardware RAID?

    <p>It does not require a special controller, making it less expensive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of RAID 5 compared to RAID 4?

    <p>It has distributed parity across all drives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mirroring in RAID 1 during write operations?

    <p>It reduces performance due to simultaneous writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the RAID 0 configuration handle data storage?

    <p>Data is striped and distributed evenly across two or more disks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is RAID 5 considered cost-effective?

    <p>It balances performance with storage capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily determines the choice of RAID level for a system?

    <p>The desired level of redundancy and performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the data structure in RAID 0 during storage?

    <p>Data is split into stripes written sequentially to different disks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence the decision to implement RAID?

    <p>The speed of internet connectivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) over older parallel connections?

    <p>Provides point-to-point connection for faster transfer times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Network-Attached Storage (NAS) differ from traditional RAID systems?

    <p>NAS maintains its own interface to connect to the LAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following storage types is designed to provide fault-tolerant data storage for a network?

    <p>Network-Attached Storage (NAS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component connects directly to the SATA controller in a server setup?

    <p>Hard drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of using SATA drives in a server?

    <p>SATA cannot support a significant number of drives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Network-Attached Storage (NAS)?

    <p>To centralize data storage for clients on a network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) from other hard drive interfaces?

    <p>It provides faster transfer times via serial data bursts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NAS primarily rely on for file access by clients in a network?

    <p>Independent access to its own IP address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary advantages of using a Storage Area Network (SAN)?

    <p>It provides extremely fault tolerance and fast data access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology is commonly used for transmission within a SAN?

    <p>Fibre Channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a SAN improve data management across multiple servers?

    <p>By supporting centralized storage management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant feature of SANs in terms of fault tolerance?

    <p>Faulty devices do not affect data retrieval from the SAN.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect allows SANs to be scalable without disrupting network activity?

    <p>Easy addition of storage and devices post-establishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of environment is most suited for SAN implementation?

    <p>Environments with vast amounts of data requiring instant availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of utilizing a SAN?

    <p>Less flexibility in data management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one limitation of the traditional client/server network compared to a SAN?

    <p>Lower speed in data access and retrieval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major disadvantage of using RAID 6?

    <p>It has poor performance with small data transfers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes RAID 10?

    <p>It is a combination of RAID 0 and RAID 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the inefficiency of RAID 6 during data writing?

    <p>Creation of two parity blocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages of RAID 6?

    <p>It ensures high performance for read operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'nested RAID'?

    <p>Combining different types of single RAID levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would RAID 0 be preferred?

    <p>When performance is prioritized over data redundancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RAID configuration requires a minimum of four physical hard disks?

    <p>RAID 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic does RAID 1 provide?

    <p>Improved fault tolerance through redundancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Server Hardware Overview

    • Modern server hardware is designed for multiple users, applications, processors, and fault tolerance.

    Storage Types/Connections

    • SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) is a hard drive interface that offers faster transfer times, thinner and more flexible cabling, and easier plug-and-play connections.
      • Each SATA device connects directly to the SATA controller's host adapter, eliminating daisy-chaining.
      • Data is transferred in serial bursts, offering faster data transfer than parallel devices.
    • NAS (Network-Attached Storage) is a device or group of devices that provides centralized and fault-tolerant data storage for a network.
      • NAS maintains its own interface to the Local Area Network (LAN), making it independent of servers for network connectivity.
      • NAS allows multiple clients on a network to access the same files.
      • NAS serves as an independent network node with its own IP address.
    • SAN (Storage Area Network) is a high-speed network dedicated to storage devices and switches, connected to servers and computer systems.
      • It presents a shared pool of storage devices to multiple servers.
      • SAN supports centralized storage management, enabling easier data transfer between devices, data sharing, and backup and restoration processes.
      • It offers high fault tolerance due to data redundancy.
      • SANs are typically built with fiber-optic media, providing high speeds and using protocols like Fibre Channel.
      • SANs are scalable and can easily accommodate additional storage and devices without interrupting network activity.
      • SANs are ideal for environments with large amounts of data requiring constant availability.

    Configure System Storage

    Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)

    • RAID is a technology that enhances data storage and retrieval capabilities and provides fault tolerance by mitigating data loss due to hardware failures.
    • Hardware RAID uses a dedicated RAID disk controller that manages the RAID array independently of the server.
    • Software RAID relies on software to implement and manage RAID techniques, reducing costs by eliminating specialized controllers and hardware.

    RAID Levels

    • RAID 0 (Disk Striping):
      • Provides striping without any parity or mirroring, dividing data across multiple disks.
      • This enhances performance but sacrifices fault tolerance.
    • RAID 1 (Disk Mirroring/Duplexing):
      • Focuses on fault tolerance by creating identical copies of data on separate disks.
      • Offers limited performance improvements for read operations, but writing data is slower as it must be written to multiple disks.
    • RAID 5 (Disk Striping with Distributed Parity):
      • Stripes both data and parity information across multiple drives.
      • Offers good read/write speeds, cost-effectiveness, and decent capacity.
      • Less efficient for large data transfers.
    • RAID 6 (Disk Striping with Dual Distributed Parity):
      • Extends RAID 5 by adding a second parity block, enhancing fault tolerance by allowing data recovery even after two concurrent disk failures.
      • Strong performance for read operations and good for large data transfers, but slower for small transfers.
    • RAID 0+1/1+0/RAID 10 (Striping and Mirroring Combined):
      • Combine the benefits of RAID 0 and RAID 1, aiming for both high performance and fault tolerance.
      • RAID 10 uses a two-stage virtualisation hierarchy with at least four physical hard disks, striping in the first stage and mirroring in the second, creating a single virtual, fast, and fault-tolerant hard disk.

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    Module 2-1. Hardware PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts of modern server hardware, focusing on multi-user support and fault tolerance. It also explores different storage types like SATA, NAS, and SAN, highlighting their functionalities and advantages for efficient data management.

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