30 Questions
Which of the following is an example of an affective disorder mentioned in the text?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Which of the following effects does decreasing serotonin levels with ATD have on emotional recognition?
Impairs recognition of fear and happiness
What effect does increasing serotonergic activity have on mood according to the text?
Increases positive subjective mood reports
What effect does ATD have on memory performance according to the text?
Impairs memory for emotionally neutral and positive stimuli only
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as an example of an affective disorder?
Schizophrenia
What effect does ATD have on mood in normal subjects according to the text?
Decreases positive mood and increases irritability and aggressiveness
What neurotransmitter deficiency has been hypothesized as a factor in both mania and depression?
Serotonin
Which type of antidepressant medication enhances norepinephrine or dopamine function?
MAOI
What is the most common drug treatment for major depressive illnesses?
SSRIs
Which neurotransmitter's enhanced function is associated with anticonvulsants?
GABA
Why is there a delayed onset of action for SSRIs as antidepressants?
Gradual desensitization of 5-HT1A autoreceptors
Which neurotransmitter's deficiency may contribute to mood instability according to the text?
GABA
What is the relationship between 5-HIAA and depression?
5-HIAA is lowered in depression, indicating decreased serotonin activity
What is the effect of maternal deprivation on 5-HIAA levels?
Maternal deprivation decreases 5-HIAA levels in monkeys
Which receptor is associated with an increase in IP3 levels?
5-HT2A receptor
How are prolactin responses to serotonin affected in depression?
Prolactin responses to serotonin are decreased in depression
What is the proposed role of the 5-HT1A receptor in mood disorders?
All of the above
What is the relationship between the HPA axis and serotonin in major depression?
HPA axis overactivity reduces hippocampal 5-HT1A receptor sites, which may explain reduced hippocampal damage in depression
What is the relationship between dopamine function and major depression?
Dopamine function is deficient in major depression
What serotonin-related abnormalities are found in the platelets of patients with major depression?
Decreased serotonin uptake and decreased serotonin transporter sites
Which of the following is NOT a candidate serotonin gene in depression?
Monoamine oxidase
What is the relationship between GABA and major depression?
CSF GABA levels are lower in depression
What is the relationship between 5-HT2A receptors and suicidal acts in major depression?
There are more 5-HT2A receptors in patients with major depression who have committed suicidal acts
What is the relationship between GABA and bipolar disorder?
There are fewer GABA neurons in the anterior cingulate and entorhinal cortex in bipolar disorder
Which type of receptor is mainly responsible for the agonistic action of 'Hallucinogens' / 'Psychedelics'?
5-HT1A receptors
Why do increasing serotonergic activity with buspirone or SSRIs not produce hallucinogenic effects?
They target different serotonin receptors
What is the main site of agonistic action for MDMA?
Prefrontal cortex (PFC) and thalamus
Why are MDMA and similar drugs classified as 'entactogens' or 'empathogens'?
For their effects on increasing emotional sensitivity and empathy
What subjective effects are typically not seen in other drugs but are observed with MDMA?
Increased emotional sensitivity & empathy
Why do users often report 'midweek blues' after taking MDMA?
Attributed to serotonin depletion
Test your knowledge on how serotonin levels affect the recognition of emotions, specifically fear and happiness. Explore how serotonin manipulations impact memory performance for different emotional stimuli.
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