Serial Communications Chapter 4

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a WAN primarily owned by?

  • An organization
  • A service provider (correct)
  • A local government
  • An individual user

What is a characteristic of a point-to-point connection?

  • Involves leased lines for continuous connection (correct)
  • Used only for LAN communication
  • Connects multiple LANs with a single line
  • Always uses wireless technology

How does serial communication transmit data?

  • Only when triggered by a device
  • Sequentially over a single channel (correct)
  • In bursts over several channels
  • Simultaneously over multiple channels

What was the primary usage of parallel ports in PCs?

<p>Connecting high-bandwidth devices like printers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main components of PPP?

<p>Extensible Link Control Protocol (LCP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connection does a leased line provide?

<p>A continuous connection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol encapsulates data frames for transmission over Layer 2 physical links?

<p>HDLC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PPP help connect to besides Cisco routers?

<p>Non-Cisco routers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of PPPoE?

<p>To create a PPP tunnel over an Ethernet connection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command is used to configure the dialer interface for PPPoE?

<p>interface dialer number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should the MTU be set to 1492 when using PPPoE?

<p>To accommodate the additional PPPoE header. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'show pppoe session' command do?

<p>Shows currently active PPPoE sessions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could potentially lead to an authentication failure in PPPoE?

<p>Incorrect CHAP username and password. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command can be used to verify the PPP negotiation process?

<p>debug ppp negotiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of issues when using PPPoE related to TCP?

<p>Failure to adjust the TCP maximum segment size. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command helps to verify the assigned IPv4 address in PPPoE?

<p>show ip interface brief (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of the Link Quality Management (LQM) feature in PPP?

<p>To monitor the quality of the link and reroute packets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following layers does the Link Control Protocol (LCP) operate on?

<p>Data link layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many phases are involved in establishing a PPP session?

<p>Two phases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contained within the Address field of a PPP frame?

<p>A binary sequence indicating the broadcast address (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol does PPP use for IPv4 network layer encapsulation?

<p>IPCP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the termination of a PPP link?

<p>Authentication failure or idle-period expiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of frames does the LCP use for testing the link?

<p>Echo-Request and Discard-Request frames (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Control field in a PPP frame indicate?

<p>That user data is to be transmitted in an unsequenced frame (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which authentication protocol is a part of PPP?

<p>Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is provided by the Network Control Protocol (NCP) in PPP?

<p>It permits multiple network layer protocols to run simultaneously. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must occur during phase 1 of establishing a PPP session?

<p>The receiving router must send a configuration-acknowledgment frame. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the error detection mechanism for a PPP frame?

<p>Frame Check Sequence (FCS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A WAN is typically owned by an organization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Serial communication transmits multiple bits simultaneously over multiple channels.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parallel ports were commonly used to connect devices that required high bandwidth.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPP encapsulates data frames for transmission only over Layer 3 physical links.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A leased-line connection is a type of local area network.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPP uses HDLC-like framing for transporting multiprotocol packets.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Extensible Link Control Protocol (LCP) is used for establishing and configuring a data-link connection.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Point-to-point connections are only used for connecting LAN segments and not for WAN connections.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPPoE creates a PPP tunnel over a DSL connection.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The MTU should be set to 1492 bytes when using PPPoE.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The command 'show ip interface brief' is used to verify the TCP maximum segment size.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The command 'debug ppp negotiation' can be used to verify PPP negotiation.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Failure in the PPP authentication process can cause issues with PPPoE.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) does not support CHAP authentication.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The command 'show pppoe session' displays currently active PPPoE sessions.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The possible causes of problems with PPPoE include failure in the PPP negotiation process.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPP supports only the PAP authentication method.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Link Quality Management (LQM) can be configured with the interface command ppp quality percentage.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPP can operate in a full-duplex circuit using asynchronous or synchronous modes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Flag field in a PPP frame consists of the binary sequence 01111101.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPP uses a separate NCP for every network layer protocol it encapsulates.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

LCP is responsible for terminating the data link connection in PPP.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPP sessions begin with the network layer exchanging datagrams.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Frame Check Sequence (FCS) in a PPP frame is normally 32 bits in length.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During link maintenance, LCP can use Echo-Request and Echo-Reply frames.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPP can be used on dial-up analog and ISDN modem links.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

NCP does not support functional fields for standardized protocol codes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPP requires a single network layer protocol for its operation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An error in the FCS leads to the PPP frame being resent.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Link establishment in PPP begins with a Configure-Acknowledgment frame.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Challenged Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) is part of the PPP framework.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A WAN is owned by a service provider and a LAN is typically owned by an ____.

<p>organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPP encapsulates data frames for transmission over Layer 2 physical ____.

<p>links</p> Signup and view all the answers

Serial communication transmits bits sequentially over a single ____.

<p>channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Extensible Link Control Protocol (LCP) is part of the ____.

<p>PPP</p> Signup and view all the answers

In contrast to serial communication, parallel communications can transmit bits ____.

<p>simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

The command 'show pppoe session' is used to display currently active ____ sessions.

<p>PPPoE</p> Signup and view all the answers

A leased-line connection is also referred to as a serial connection or a ____ connection.

<p>point-to-point</p> Signup and view all the answers

The network layer protocols supported by NCPs in PPP include IPv4 and ____ Control Protocol.

<p>IPv6</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPPoE creates a PPP tunnel over an ______ connection.

<p>Ethernet</p> Signup and view all the answers

To configure the PPP CHAP authentication, use the commands 'ppp chap ______ name' and 'ppp chap password ______'.

<p>hostname, password</p> Signup and view all the answers

The MTU size for PPPoE should be set to ______ bytes to accommodate the additional header.

<p>1492</p> Signup and view all the answers

To enable the physical Ethernet interface connected to the DSL modem, use the command 'pppoe ______ interface'.

<p>enable</p> Signup and view all the answers

The command 'show pppoe ______' displays information about currently active PPPoE sessions.

<p>session</p> Signup and view all the answers

In PPP negotiation, a common point of failure is an ______ from the remote device.

<p>no response</p> Signup and view all the answers

The command 'debug ppp ______' is used to verify the PPP negotiation process.

<p>negotiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The command 'show interface ______' is used to verify the MTU and PPP encapsulation settings.

<p>dialer</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPP includes many features not available in _____

<p>HDLC</p> Signup and view all the answers

The link quality management feature (LQM) monitors the quality of the ____.

<p>link</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPP requires a full-duplex circuit that can operate in an asynchronous or synchronous ____ mode.

<p>bit-serial</p> Signup and view all the answers

LCP functions within the data link layer and has a role in establishing, configuring, and testing the data-____ connection.

<p>link</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPP permits multiple network layer protocols to operate on the same communications ____.

<p>link</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'Flag' field in a PPP frame consists of the binary sequence _____.

<p>01111110</p> Signup and view all the answers

NCPs include functional fields containing standardized codes to indicate the ____ layer protocol that PPP encapsulates.

<p>network</p> Signup and view all the answers

During phase 1 of establishing a PPP session, the LCP must first open the connection and negotiate configuration _____.

<p>options</p> Signup and view all the answers

Link Termination occurs after the transfer of data at the _____ layer completes.

<p>network</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPP can be used on all serial links including those created with dial-up analog and ISDN _____.

<p>modems</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Address field of a PPP frame contains the binary sequence _____, representing the standard broadcast address.

<p>11111111</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPP uses a separate NCP for every network layer protocol, such as IPCP for IPv4 and _____CP for IPv6.

<p>IPv6</p> Signup and view all the answers

LCP can use Echo-Request and Echo-Reply frames to provide feedback and test the ____.

<p>link</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the error percentage falls below the configured threshold, the link is taken down and packets are _____ or dropped.

<p>routed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of communication with their characteristics:

<p>Serial Communication = Transmits bits sequentially over a single channel Parallel Communication = Transmits bits simultaneously over multiple wires Point-to-Point Connection = A direct link between two network nodes Leased Line = Provides a continuous connection between two remote sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of PPP with their functions:

<p>HDLC-like Framing = Transporting multiprotocol packets over point-to-point links LCP = Establishing, configuring, and testing the data-link connection NCP = Configuring different network layer protocols PPP encapsulation = Encapsulating data frames for transmission over Layer 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following benefits of PPP with their descriptions:

<p>Flexibility = Can connect to different network layer protocols Error Detection = Ensures reliable data transmission Authentication = Validates user credentials during the connection Multiprotocol Support = Handles multiple network layer protocols simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of ports with their primary uses:

<p>Serial Ports = Connecting devices requiring point-to-point communication Parallel Ports = Connecting printers and high-bandwidth devices WAN Ports = Connecting to wide area networks LAN Ports = Connecting local area network devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following protocols with their encapsulation methods:

<p>PPP = Encapsulates data frames over Layer 2 HDLC = Frames multiprotocol packets NCP = Configures network layer protocols LCP = Establishes data-link connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following connection types with their descriptions:

<p>WAN = Owned by a service provider LAN = Typically owned by an organization Serial Connection = A direct link using leased lines Point-to-Point = Connects LANs to service provider WANs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics of serial and parallel communication:

<p>Serial Communication = Sends one bit at a time Parallel Communication = Sends a byte in one transmission Serial Connection = Requires one exit point for data Parallel Port = Used for devices requiring higher bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of connections with their examples:

<p>Leased Line = Constantly active telecommunications link PSTN = Public Switched Telephone Network Fiber-Optic Link = High-speed data communication Cellular Link = Wireless communication over cellular networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following PPPoE configuration commands with their purposes:

<p>interface dialer number = Configure dialer interface ppp chap hostname name = Set CHAP username ppp chap password password = Set CHAP password pppoe enable = Enable PPPoE on the interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following PPPoE verification commands with the information they provide:

<p>show ip interface brief = Verify assigned IPv4 address show interface dialer = Check MTU and PPP encapsulation show ip route = Display routing table show pppoe session = Information about active PPPoE sessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the possible causes of PPPoE problems with their descriptions:

<p>Failure in the PPP negotiation process = No response from the remote device Failure in the PPP authentication process = Incorrect CHAP username or password Failure to adjust the TCP maximum segment size = Links dropping TCP sessions Link Control Protocol (LCP) not open = Problems establishing link</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the PPPoE MTU size with its significance:

<p>1492 bytes = Accommodates 8-byte PPPoE header 1500 bytes = Standard Ethernet MTU size 1400 bytes = Typical MTU for some DSL connections 576 bytes = Minimum MTU for IP</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following PPPoE troubleshooting commands with their functions:

<p>debug ppp negotiation = Verify PPP negotiation process show running-config = Check current configuration including MTU debug ppp authentication = Verify CHAP authentication details show ip interface brief = Inspect interface details and status</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the PPPoE components with their roles:

<p>Dialer interface = Configured for PPP tunnel creation Physical Ethernet interface = Connected to DSL modem Dialer pool = Links dialer interface to Ethernet PPP frames = Carried over the Ethernet cable to ISP</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following PPP features with their characteristics:

<p>CHAP = Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol LCP = Link Control Protocol for link establishment IPCP = IP Control Protocol for IP network layer NCP = Network Control Protocol for various protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the sections of the PPPoE process to their steps:

<p>PPPoE Negotiation = Establish PPP connection parameters PPPoE Authentication = Ensure correct CHAP username and password PPPoE MTU Size = Set maximum transmission unit to 1492 PPPoE Configuration = Enable features and link interfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following features of PPP with their descriptions:

<p>Link Quality Management (LQM) = Monitors the quality of the link and reroutes or drops packets Link Control Protocol (LCP) = Establishes and configures the data-link connection Network Control Protocol (NCP) = Handles multiple network layer protocols on the same link Flag Field = Indicates the beginning or end of a PPP frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the phases of establishing a PPP session with their functions:

<p>Phase 1 = Link establishment and configuration negotiation Phase 2 = Link quality determination (optional) LCP Operation = Negotiates configuration parameters and maintains the link NCP = Encapsulates network layer protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the PPP frame structure components with their functions:

<p>Address = Contains the standard broadcast address Control = Indicates transmission of user data in an unsequenced frame Protocol = Identifies the protocol encapsulated in the frame Frame Check Sequence (FCS) = Used for error detection in the PPP frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of LCP frames with their purpose:

<p>Link-establishment frames = Initiate and configure the PPP connection Link-maintenance frames = Test the quality and status of the link Link-termination frames = Close the established PPP link Configure-Request = Asks for configuration options from the responder</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the PPP authentication protocols with their characteristics:

<p>Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) = Sends credentials in plain text Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) = Uses a challenge-response mechanism LCP = Handles negotiation of authentication options NCP = Allows multiple network protocols to authenticate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of PPP configuration with their functions:

<p>PPP Basic Configuration Command = Sets up initial PPP parameters PPP Compression Commands = Reduces the size of packets for transmission PPP Link Quality Monitoring Command = Monitors the performance of the link PPP Multilink Commands = Enables multiple links to be treated as one</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the PPP session types with their descriptions:

<p>Establishing a session = Negotiating configurations before data transfer Maintaining a session = Testing link quality during data transfer Terminating a session = Closing the link after data is transferred Configuring PPP = Setting up authentication methods and parameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of frames used in LCP operation with their functions:

<p>Echo-Request = Tests the link quality Echo-Reply = Responds to a link quality test Discard-Request = Informs to discard a particular frame Code-Reject = Indicates receipt of an invalid frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the PPP features with their characteristics:

<p>Full-duplex circuit = Allows simultaneous two-way transmission Dedicated link = Provides a constant connection without sharing Switched link = Shares the connection with other users Asynchronous mode = Sends data without a consistent time frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the reasons for link termination in PPP with their descriptions:

<p>Loss of carrier = Signal loss leads to termination Authentication failure = Incorrect credentials cause a shutdown Link quality failure = Insufficient link quality results in closure Idle-period timer = Inactive connections are automatically closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the codes used in NCP with the protocols they represent:

<p>Value 8021 = IPv4 Control Protocol (IPCP) Value 8057 = IPv6 Control Protocol (IPv6CP) NCP standard codes = Indicates the network layer protocol Multiprotocol support = Allows different protocols to coexist</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the steps involved in PPP session establishment with the correct phase:

<p>Phase 1 = LCP opens connection and negotiates options Phase 2 = Quality tests link before protocol activation LCP Closing = Terminates the link after data transfer NCP Function = Handles specific network layer discussions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the elements of the PPP frame structure with their definitions:

<p>Flag = Binary sequence indicating frame limits Address field = Designates unique endpoint for the frame Data = Contains the actual user data to be sent Control field = Manages frame sequence and transmission type</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of commands used in PPP configuration with their usage:

<p>Configuring PPP Authentication = Sets authentication methods for PPP PPP Link Quality Command = Monitors link effectiveness during transmission PPP Basic Command = Establishes initial connection parameters Packet Tracer Implementation = Practices using simulation tools for configurations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to PPP with their correct definitions:

<p>Link Quality Monitoring = Ensures data is transmitted over a reliable link PPP Frame Structure = Defines the layout of data packets NCP Role = Supports multiple protocols over a single connection LCP Role = Sets up and maintains the data link</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards are hidden until you start studying

Study Notes

Serial Communications Overview

  • WANs are owned by service providers; LANs are usually owned by organizations.
  • Connections between LANs and WANs can be point-to-point, also known as serial or leased-line connections.
  • Leased lines provide continuous connectivity between remote sites.

Serial vs. Parallel Communication

  • Serial communication transmits bits sequentially over a single channel, akin to a pipe allowing one ball at a time.
  • Parallel communication sends multiple bits simultaneously over several wires, transmitting a byte in the time a serial connection sends one bit.
  • Historically, most PCs included both serial and parallel ports, with parallel ports commonly connecting printers and other high-bandwidth devices.

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)

  • PPP encapsulates data frames for Layer 2 transmission and establishes direct connections via various media (serial cables, phone lines, etc.).
  • Three main components of PPP:
    • HDLC-like framing for multiprotocol packets.
    • Link Control Protocol (LCP) for managing the data-link connection.
    • Network Control Protocols (NCPs) for configuring network layer protocols (IPv4 and IPv6).

Advantages of PPP

  • PPP features include link quality management (LQM) for monitoring link conditions, with configurable thresholds for error rates.
  • Supports PAP and CHAP authentication protocols for secure connections.

PPP Frame Structure

  • Frame consists of:
    • Flag: Indicates frame start/end (binary sequence 01111110).
    • Address: Broadcast address (binary sequence 11111111).
    • Control: Transmission mode for user data (binary sequence 00000011).
    • Protocol: Two bytes identifying encapsulated protocol.
    • Data: Contains the datagram for the specified protocol.
    • Frame Check Sequence (FCS): A 16-bit code for error detection.

PPP Session Establishment

  • Phase 1 involves link establishment and configuration negotiation via LCP before any network layer datagrams are exchanged.
  • Phase 2 (optional) assesses link quality to ensure proper functioning before bringing up network layer protocols.

LCP Operations

  • LCP manages link establishment (sending Configure-Request frames) and maintenance (using Echo-Request and Discard-Request frames).
  • Link termination occurs after data transfer, with the LCP terminating connections due to various reasons like carrier loss or authentication failure.

PPP Configuration

  • Basic commands and settings are used for configuring PPP, compression, and link quality monitoring.
  • Authentication can be configured using PAP or CHAP protocols to secure the connection.

PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet)

  • PPP is often employed over broadband connections for ISPs, assigning customers a public IPv4 address.
  • PPPoE creates a PPP tunnel over Ethernet, facilitating PPP frame transmission via Ethernet.

PPPoE Configuration

  • Involves configuring a dialer interface and specifying authentication details (CHAP).
  • Set MTU to 1492 bytes to accommodate PPPoE headers.

PPPoE Verification and Troubleshooting

  • Verify PPPoE status using commands like show ip interface brief and show pppoe session.
  • Common issues include PPP negotiation failures, authentication problems, and TCP maximum segment size adjustments.
  • MTU issue resolution involves adjusting MSS during the TCP handshake to prevent dropped sessions.

Serial Communications Overview

  • WANs are owned by service providers; LANs are usually owned by organizations.
  • Connections between LANs and WANs can be point-to-point, also known as serial or leased-line connections.
  • Leased lines provide continuous connectivity between remote sites.

Serial vs. Parallel Communication

  • Serial communication transmits bits sequentially over a single channel, akin to a pipe allowing one ball at a time.
  • Parallel communication sends multiple bits simultaneously over several wires, transmitting a byte in the time a serial connection sends one bit.
  • Historically, most PCs included both serial and parallel ports, with parallel ports commonly connecting printers and other high-bandwidth devices.

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)

  • PPP encapsulates data frames for Layer 2 transmission and establishes direct connections via various media (serial cables, phone lines, etc.).
  • Three main components of PPP:
    • HDLC-like framing for multiprotocol packets.
    • Link Control Protocol (LCP) for managing the data-link connection.
    • Network Control Protocols (NCPs) for configuring network layer protocols (IPv4 and IPv6).

Advantages of PPP

  • PPP features include link quality management (LQM) for monitoring link conditions, with configurable thresholds for error rates.
  • Supports PAP and CHAP authentication protocols for secure connections.

PPP Frame Structure

  • Frame consists of:
    • Flag: Indicates frame start/end (binary sequence 01111110).
    • Address: Broadcast address (binary sequence 11111111).
    • Control: Transmission mode for user data (binary sequence 00000011).
    • Protocol: Two bytes identifying encapsulated protocol.
    • Data: Contains the datagram for the specified protocol.
    • Frame Check Sequence (FCS): A 16-bit code for error detection.

PPP Session Establishment

  • Phase 1 involves link establishment and configuration negotiation via LCP before any network layer datagrams are exchanged.
  • Phase 2 (optional) assesses link quality to ensure proper functioning before bringing up network layer protocols.

LCP Operations

  • LCP manages link establishment (sending Configure-Request frames) and maintenance (using Echo-Request and Discard-Request frames).
  • Link termination occurs after data transfer, with the LCP terminating connections due to various reasons like carrier loss or authentication failure.

PPP Configuration

  • Basic commands and settings are used for configuring PPP, compression, and link quality monitoring.
  • Authentication can be configured using PAP or CHAP protocols to secure the connection.

PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet)

  • PPP is often employed over broadband connections for ISPs, assigning customers a public IPv4 address.
  • PPPoE creates a PPP tunnel over Ethernet, facilitating PPP frame transmission via Ethernet.

PPPoE Configuration

  • Involves configuring a dialer interface and specifying authentication details (CHAP).
  • Set MTU to 1492 bytes to accommodate PPPoE headers.

PPPoE Verification and Troubleshooting

  • Verify PPPoE status using commands like show ip interface brief and show pppoe session.
  • Common issues include PPP negotiation failures, authentication problems, and TCP maximum segment size adjustments.
  • MTU issue resolution involves adjusting MSS during the TCP handshake to prevent dropped sessions.

Serial Communications Overview

  • WANs are owned by service providers; LANs are usually owned by organizations.
  • Connections between LANs and WANs can be point-to-point, also known as serial or leased-line connections.
  • Leased lines provide continuous connectivity between remote sites.

Serial vs. Parallel Communication

  • Serial communication transmits bits sequentially over a single channel, akin to a pipe allowing one ball at a time.
  • Parallel communication sends multiple bits simultaneously over several wires, transmitting a byte in the time a serial connection sends one bit.
  • Historically, most PCs included both serial and parallel ports, with parallel ports commonly connecting printers and other high-bandwidth devices.

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)

  • PPP encapsulates data frames for Layer 2 transmission and establishes direct connections via various media (serial cables, phone lines, etc.).
  • Three main components of PPP:
    • HDLC-like framing for multiprotocol packets.
    • Link Control Protocol (LCP) for managing the data-link connection.
    • Network Control Protocols (NCPs) for configuring network layer protocols (IPv4 and IPv6).

Advantages of PPP

  • PPP features include link quality management (LQM) for monitoring link conditions, with configurable thresholds for error rates.
  • Supports PAP and CHAP authentication protocols for secure connections.

PPP Frame Structure

  • Frame consists of:
    • Flag: Indicates frame start/end (binary sequence 01111110).
    • Address: Broadcast address (binary sequence 11111111).
    • Control: Transmission mode for user data (binary sequence 00000011).
    • Protocol: Two bytes identifying encapsulated protocol.
    • Data: Contains the datagram for the specified protocol.
    • Frame Check Sequence (FCS): A 16-bit code for error detection.

PPP Session Establishment

  • Phase 1 involves link establishment and configuration negotiation via LCP before any network layer datagrams are exchanged.
  • Phase 2 (optional) assesses link quality to ensure proper functioning before bringing up network layer protocols.

LCP Operations

  • LCP manages link establishment (sending Configure-Request frames) and maintenance (using Echo-Request and Discard-Request frames).
  • Link termination occurs after data transfer, with the LCP terminating connections due to various reasons like carrier loss or authentication failure.

PPP Configuration

  • Basic commands and settings are used for configuring PPP, compression, and link quality monitoring.
  • Authentication can be configured using PAP or CHAP protocols to secure the connection.

PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet)

  • PPP is often employed over broadband connections for ISPs, assigning customers a public IPv4 address.
  • PPPoE creates a PPP tunnel over Ethernet, facilitating PPP frame transmission via Ethernet.

PPPoE Configuration

  • Involves configuring a dialer interface and specifying authentication details (CHAP).
  • Set MTU to 1492 bytes to accommodate PPPoE headers.

PPPoE Verification and Troubleshooting

  • Verify PPPoE status using commands like show ip interface brief and show pppoe session.
  • Common issues include PPP negotiation failures, authentication problems, and TCP maximum segment size adjustments.
  • MTU issue resolution involves adjusting MSS during the TCP handshake to prevent dropped sessions.

Serial Communications Overview

  • WANs are owned by service providers; LANs are usually owned by organizations.
  • Connections between LANs and WANs can be point-to-point, also known as serial or leased-line connections.
  • Leased lines provide continuous connectivity between remote sites.

Serial vs. Parallel Communication

  • Serial communication transmits bits sequentially over a single channel, akin to a pipe allowing one ball at a time.
  • Parallel communication sends multiple bits simultaneously over several wires, transmitting a byte in the time a serial connection sends one bit.
  • Historically, most PCs included both serial and parallel ports, with parallel ports commonly connecting printers and other high-bandwidth devices.

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)

  • PPP encapsulates data frames for Layer 2 transmission and establishes direct connections via various media (serial cables, phone lines, etc.).
  • Three main components of PPP:
    • HDLC-like framing for multiprotocol packets.
    • Link Control Protocol (LCP) for managing the data-link connection.
    • Network Control Protocols (NCPs) for configuring network layer protocols (IPv4 and IPv6).

Advantages of PPP

  • PPP features include link quality management (LQM) for monitoring link conditions, with configurable thresholds for error rates.
  • Supports PAP and CHAP authentication protocols for secure connections.

PPP Frame Structure

  • Frame consists of:
    • Flag: Indicates frame start/end (binary sequence 01111110).
    • Address: Broadcast address (binary sequence 11111111).
    • Control: Transmission mode for user data (binary sequence 00000011).
    • Protocol: Two bytes identifying encapsulated protocol.
    • Data: Contains the datagram for the specified protocol.
    • Frame Check Sequence (FCS): A 16-bit code for error detection.

PPP Session Establishment

  • Phase 1 involves link establishment and configuration negotiation via LCP before any network layer datagrams are exchanged.
  • Phase 2 (optional) assesses link quality to ensure proper functioning before bringing up network layer protocols.

LCP Operations

  • LCP manages link establishment (sending Configure-Request frames) and maintenance (using Echo-Request and Discard-Request frames).
  • Link termination occurs after data transfer, with the LCP terminating connections due to various reasons like carrier loss or authentication failure.

PPP Configuration

  • Basic commands and settings are used for configuring PPP, compression, and link quality monitoring.
  • Authentication can be configured using PAP or CHAP protocols to secure the connection.

PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet)

  • PPP is often employed over broadband connections for ISPs, assigning customers a public IPv4 address.
  • PPPoE creates a PPP tunnel over Ethernet, facilitating PPP frame transmission via Ethernet.

PPPoE Configuration

  • Involves configuring a dialer interface and specifying authentication details (CHAP).
  • Set MTU to 1492 bytes to accommodate PPPoE headers.

PPPoE Verification and Troubleshooting

  • Verify PPPoE status using commands like show ip interface brief and show pppoe session.
  • Common issues include PPP negotiation failures, authentication problems, and TCP maximum segment size adjustments.
  • MTU issue resolution involves adjusting MSS during the TCP handshake to prevent dropped sessions.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser