Separation Techniques in Science

<p>It will separate into layers including plasma and red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A separating funnel depends on gravity while a centrifuge uses centrifugal force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To separate two immiscible liquids of different densities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centrifugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It floats on top of the denser liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supernatant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The denser particles form a pellet at the bottom</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromatography</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liquid above the solid particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sieving, decanting, magnets, filtration, evaporation, distillation, chromatography, floatation, separating funnel, centrifuge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It separates two immiscible liquids of different densities by allowing the less dense liquid to float on top.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pellet from the more dense particles and a supernatant on top.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The blood components separate based on density, forming a pellet of red blood cells at the bottom and plasma as the supernatant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cream separates from the milk and rises to the top as a supernatant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>separating funnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Separating Funnel = Used to separate two immiscible liquids Centrifuge = Machine that uses rotational force to separate mixtures Pellet = Formed from more dense particles during centrifugation Supernatant = Liquid remaining on top after centrifugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To separate mixtures based on density</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oil will float on top of water due to being less dense. Open the tap to let the water drain from the bottom, leaving the oil in the funnel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>centrifuge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centrifugation = Separation based on density using rotational force Decantation = Pouring off a liquid from sediment Separating Funnel = Separation of immiscible liquids Sedimentation = Allowing particles to settle out of a liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>supernatant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>centrifugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sieving = Separating based on size through a mesh Decanting = Pouring off a liquid, leaving solids behind Floatation = Using buoyancy to separate substances based on density Chromatography = Separating substances based on their different affinities for a stationary phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cream separates from the milk and rises to the top due to being less dense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centrifugal separators allow for faster separation and reduce the risk of spoilage while the milk sits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form a pellet at the bottom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>more dense</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Floatation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a colloid, the particles are not visible to the naked eye, whereas in a suspension, the particles are larger and can settle out, making them visible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible liquids where one is dispersed in the other; for example, mayonnaise is an emulsion of oil and vinegar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by particles in a medium; it can be observed in colloids, which scatter light, while solutions do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colloids have smaller particle sizes that remain evenly distributed and stable, while suspensions contain larger particles that can settle over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homogeneous mixtures are uniform in composition, just like colloids where the dispersed particles are evenly distributed throughout the medium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colloids contain smaller particles that do not settle out while suspensions contain larger particles that can settle out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emulsifiers stabilize the mixture by reducing surface tension and preventing the liquids from separating into layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by particles in a colloid, making the mixture appear cloudy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examples include milk and fog; both are cloudy mixtures containing small particles suspended within a liquid or gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gel is a colloid with solid particles dispersed in a liquid, while a sol consists of liquid particles dispersed in a solid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unhomogenized milk separates into layers, with cream floating on top, indicating the liquids are not fully dispersed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerosols contain solid or liquid particles dispersed in a gas, while foams consist of gas particles trapped in a liquid or solid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smaller particles in colloids remain suspended due to Brownian motion, preventing settling, unlike larger particles in suspensions which do settle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1-1000 nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows light scattering by the particles, making a beam visible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emulsions consist of liquid droplets dispersed in another liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suspensions are cloudy and may settle over time, unlike colloids that remain dispersed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colloids have particles ranging from 1 to 1000 nanometers, while suspensions have larger particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No, because solutions have particles that are too small to scatter light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coloured gems, classified as solids dispersed in a solid medium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An emulsion specifically involves two or more insoluble liquids, where one liquid spreads evenly through another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emulsifiers are chemicals added to keep immiscible liquids dispersed as an emulsion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colloids and suspensions are cloudy, while solutions appear clear due to smaller particle size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by colloidal particles, making light beams visible in colloids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Milk is a colloid classified as an emulsion due to the dispersion of fat globules in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unhomogenised milk has a layer of cream floating on top, indicating separation rather than a uniform mixture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whipped cream is an example of a foam, formed by trapping air in liquid cream during whipping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emulsions consist of two immiscible liquids that remain evenly dispersed, while suspensions contain larger particles that can settle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mayonnaise is an emulsion, composed of oil and vinegar, stabilized by emulsifiers like egg yolk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A common misperception is that all colloids are cloudy; however, some, like clear gels, can be transparent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stationary phase is the paper, and the mobile phase is water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This is called capillary action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The base line should be drawn with a pencil to avoid interference from ink, which can affect results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that the dye is highly soluble in the solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a high affinity for the stationary phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The solvent front should be marked at the highest point reached by the solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>You would likely see varying numbers of spots and different distances travelled by each dye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formula is $Rf = \frac{distance \ traveled \ by \ substance}{distance \ traveled \ by \ solvent}$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No, the Rf values would likely differ because Rf depends on the solvent used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pure substance contains only one type of particle, while a mixture contains two or more types of particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gold is an example of a pure substance because it consists entirely of gold atoms without any impurities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemists often use filtration to separate mixtures by passing the mixture through a barrier that allows only certain particles to pass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mixtures consist of components that are not chemically bonded, allowing them to retain their individual properties and be separated physically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The properties of the individual substances remain unchanged in a mixture; they do not create new substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood is considered a mixture because it contains different types of cells and plasma, which can be physically separated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mixtures can be solids with solids, liquids with liquids, gases with gases, or combinations of these states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solubility helps determine which components can dissolve in a solvent, allowing for separation methods like crystallization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A copper sulfate solution can be separated by evaporating the water, leaving behind the copper sulfate crystals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical properties such as size, mass, and boiling point influence the choice of separation techniques like centrifugation or distillation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sieving separates larger solid particles from smaller ones based on size, while filtration removes very fine solid particles from liquids or gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures where solid particles are suspended in a liquid, whereas solutions are homogeneous mixtures where a solute is fully dissolved in a solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>You would choose a sieve with holes small enough to allow flour to pass through, leaving the coarse sand behind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decantation involves allowing the oil, which is less dense, to float on top of the water, and then carefully pouring the oil off without disturbing the water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration is suitable for separating sand from a mixture of water and sand, as it can effectively remove the solid particles while allowing the liquid to pass through.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decantation is ineffective because fine silt remains suspended in water, preventing it from settling and being easily separated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particle size determines whether a material can pass through the sieve; only those smaller than the sieve's holes can be separated effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognizing whether a mixture is a suspension or a solution helps in selecting between filtration for suspensions and methods like evaporation for solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sieving cannot separate particles of similar sizes, and it is ineffective in separating very fine particles from liquids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a suspension, particles do not dissolve and can be seen, while in a solution, the particles are completely dissolved and not visible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration uses a barrier, like filter paper, to allow liquid to pass through while retaining solid particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The blue particles dissolved in water, forming a solution, while the yellow particles remained insoluble, forming a residue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filter paper acts as a sieve that allows liquids to pass through while trapping larger, insoluble solid particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mixture of sand and water is poured through filter paper in a funnel, where sand is retained as residue and water is collected as filtrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sediment forms when insoluble solid particles in a suspension settle at the bottom due to gravity, indicating that separation is possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chalk particles form a suspension in water, as they are insoluble and can be filtered out from the liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These solids do not dissolve in water, making it possible to separate them from a liquid through methods like filtration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A conical flask's shape allows it to efficiently collect the liquid that passes through the filter paper in the funnel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insoluble particles will eventually settle to the bottom, forming sediment if the suspension is left still.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A suspension contains larger solid particles that can settle over time, while a solution is a homogeneous mixture where the solute completely dissolves in the solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration separates solid particles from a liquid by passing the mixture through a filter paper that traps the solid while allowing the liquid to pass through.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example of a suspension is muddy water, where solid dirt particles are dispersed in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The solvent is the liquid that dissolves the solute, forming a solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chalk does not dissolve in water, resulting in a suspension that can be separated by using filter paper to capture the chalk particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sand and oil are examples of substances that are insoluble in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The soluble substance dissolves, forming a solution where it uniformly mixes with the solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration is a physical separation technique that can remove impurities from liquids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>You can separate oil and water using a separating funnel because they are immiscible liquids and will layer based on density.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding solubility helps determine which separation technique to use, such as filtration for insoluble substances or evaporation for solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers