Sentence Structure and Questions

Sentence Structure

• The present simple sentence structure is: Subject + Verb + Object (if applicable)
• The verb is in its base form (e.g., go, eat, write)
• The subject can be a noun, pronoun, or a phrase

Questions and Negations

• Questions:
  • Yes/No questions: Use a question word (e.g., do, does) + subject + verb
    • Example: Do you like coffee?
  • Wh- questions: Use a question word (e.g., what, where, when) + subject + verb
    • Example: What do you eat for breakfast?
• Negations:
  • Use not after the verb do or does to form a negative sentence
    • Example: I do not like coffee.
  • Use don't or doesn't as a contraction of do not or does not
    • Example: I don't like coffee.

Positive and Negative Forms

• Positive Form:
  • Subject + Verb (in base form) + Object (if applicable)
    • Example: I eat breakfast.
• Negative Form:
  • Subject + do/does not + Verb (in base form) + Object (if applicable)
    • Example: I do not eat breakfast.
• Contractions:
  • Use 's for singular subjects (e.g., he's, she's, it's)
  • Use ' for plural subjects (e.g., they're, we're)
    • Example: He's eating breakfast.
    • Example: They're eating breakfast.

Sentence Structure

• Present simple sentence structure consists of Subject, Verb, and Object (if applicable)
• Verb remains in its base form, without any changes
• Subject can be a noun, pronoun, or a phrase

Questions

• Yes/No questions use a question word (e.g., do, does) + subject + verb
• Wh- questions use a question word (e.g., what, where, when) + subject + verb

Negations

• Negative sentences are formed by adding not after the verb do or does
• Contractions don't and doesn't are used instead of do not and does not

Positive and Negative Forms

• Positive sentences follow the structure: Subject + Verb (in base form) + Object (if applicable)
• Negative sentences follow the structure: Subject + do/does not + Verb (in base form) + Object (if applicable)

Contractions

• Singular subjects use 's for contractions (e.g., he's, she's, it's)
• Plural subjects use ' for contractions (e.g., they're, we're)

Prepositions and Conjunctions

• Despite, in spite of, and even though are used to contrast two ideas or show that something is surprising or unexpected.
• Although is used to show that something is unexpected, but it doesn't have the same strong contrast as despite, in spite of, and even though.

Using Despite, In Spite of, and Even Though

• Despite, in spite of, and even though are used to show that something happens or is true, despite something else that might prevent it from happening.
• All three have similar meanings, but despite is more formal, and in spite of is more informal.

Using Despite in a Sentence

• Example: They got engaged despite only knowing each other for two months.
• Meaning: They got engaged, even though they only knew each other for a short time.

Using In Spite of in a Sentence

• Example: She passed her driving test in spite of making a lot of mistakes.
• Meaning: She passed her driving test, even though she made a lot of mistakes.

Using Even Though in a Sentence

• Example: My parents are getting a puppy even though I'm allergic to dogs.
• Meaning: My parents are getting a puppy, despite the fact that I'm allergic to dogs.

Using Although in a Sentence

• Example: I try not to eat sweets and cakes during the week, although I love them.
• Meaning: I try not to eat sweets and cakes during the week, even though I love them.

Using Despite, In Spite of, and Even Though in Different Sentences

• Examples:
  • I would move to Australia if I got a job offer, despite the distance from my family.
  • I'm a terrible singer, in spite of having two parents who are good musicians.
  • I completely forgot to post the letter, even though he reminded me in the morning.
  • We decided to buy the house, despite not really having enough money.
  • Despite my careful planning, we ended up staying in a really bad hotel.