Sensory Transduction and Receptor Potential Quiz

What is the fate of synaptic vesicles that store small molecule neurotransmitters after discharging their contents?

They are autolysed.
They are enzymatically destroyed within the synaptic cleft.
They are retrieved back from the synaptic membrane into the terminal for recycling. (correct)
They diffuse into surrounding extracellular fluid.

Which type of neurotransmitters do not undergo recycling and are instead autolysed?

Neuromodulators
Transmitters stored in the presynaptic knobs
Large molecule neurotransmitters (correct)
Small molecule neurotransmitters

What effect do organophosphorus insecticides have on acetylcholinesterase activity?

Increase Ach levels (correct)
Decrease Ach levels
Block the release of Ach
Promote synthesis of Ach

How do cocaine and amphetamine affect catecholamines in the synaptic terminal?

Block reuptake of catecholamines (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of neuromodulators in synaptic transmission?

Alter how other neurons respond to input (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do tricyclic acid antidepressants like fluoxetine affect serotonin reuptake?

Block serotonin reuptake (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that causes a sensory receptor to respond to a stimulus called?

Sensory transduction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of sensory transduction in a sensory receptor?

Development of a receptor potential (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a receptor potential?

A change in the resting membrane potential due to ion movement (C) Signup and view all the answers

In some sensory receptor organs, how do afferent fibers receive input from sensory cells?

The afferent fiber terminates on a separate sensory cell (B) Signup and view all the answers

What property do sensory receptors exhibit regarding stimulus selectivity?

They have a low threshold for their specific stimulus (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do most sensory receptors respond to a continuously applied stimulus?

They stop responding after some time (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organic compounds does NOT cause a sweet taste?

Quinine (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve carries taste impulses from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

Chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary cause of a sour taste sensation?

Hydrogen ions (H+) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure receives second-order neurons from the nuclei tractus solitarius?

Thalamic area adjacent to the ventrobasal complex (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following brain regions is involved in the gustatory pathway?

Opercular-insular area (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the tractus solitarius in the gustatory pathway?

Transmitting impulses to the superior and inferior salivatory nuclei (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lateral vestibulospinal tract?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the red nucleus located?

Extending from the rostral portion of the midbrain to the caudal level of the thalamus and hypothalamus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tracts provides afferent input to the red nucleus?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the red nucleus?

Both a and b (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the rubrospinal tract originate from?

The red nucleus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the path of the rubrospinal tract?

It descends contralaterally within the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary function of the pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts?

To maintain postural muscle tone and support the body against gravity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the pontine reticulospinal tract and the medullary reticulospinal tract?

The pontine tract and the medullary tract have opposite effects on the antigravity motor neurons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vestibular nuclei in the control of antigravity muscles?

The vestibular nuclei work in association with the pontine reticular nuclei to control antigravity muscles (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do the pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts influence the activity of the antigravity muscles?

The pontine tract excites the antigravity muscles while the medullary tract inhibits them (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vestibulospinal tract in the control of posture and balance?

The vestibulospinal tract consists of the lateral and medial vestibulospinal tracts, which have opposing effects on the antigravity muscles (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do the pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts influence visceral functions?

Both the pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts are involved in controlling various visceral functions, such as respiration, cardiovascular activity, and gastrointestinal activity (C) Signup and view all the answers