30 Questions
What is the fate of synaptic vesicles that store small molecule neurotransmitters after discharging their contents?
They are retrieved back from the synaptic membrane into the terminal for recycling.
Which type of neurotransmitters do not undergo recycling and are instead autolysed?
Large molecule neurotransmitters
What effect do organophosphorus insecticides have on acetylcholinesterase activity?
Increase Ach levels
How do cocaine and amphetamine affect catecholamines in the synaptic terminal?
Block reuptake of catecholamines
What is the function of neuromodulators in synaptic transmission?
Alter how other neurons respond to input
How do tricyclic acid antidepressants like fluoxetine affect serotonin reuptake?
Block serotonin reuptake
What is the process that causes a sensory receptor to respond to a stimulus called?
Sensory transduction
What is the result of sensory transduction in a sensory receptor?
Development of a receptor potential
What is a receptor potential?
A change in the resting membrane potential due to ion movement
In some sensory receptor organs, how do afferent fibers receive input from sensory cells?
The afferent fiber terminates on a separate sensory cell
What property do sensory receptors exhibit regarding stimulus selectivity?
They have a low threshold for their specific stimulus
How do most sensory receptors respond to a continuously applied stimulus?
They stop responding after some time
Which of the following organic compounds does NOT cause a sweet taste?
Quinine
Which nerve carries taste impulses from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?
Chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve
Which of the following is the primary cause of a sour taste sensation?
Hydrogen ions (H+)
Which brain structure receives second-order neurons from the nuclei tractus solitarius?
Thalamic area adjacent to the ventrobasal complex
Which of the following brain regions is involved in the gustatory pathway?
Opercular-insular area
Which of the following is a function of the tractus solitarius in the gustatory pathway?
Transmitting impulses to the superior and inferior salivatory nuclei
What is the primary function of the lateral vestibulospinal tract?
All of the above
Where is the red nucleus located?
Extending from the rostral portion of the midbrain to the caudal level of the thalamus and hypothalamus
Which of the following tracts provides afferent input to the red nucleus?
All of the above
What is the main function of the red nucleus?
Both a and b
Where does the rubrospinal tract originate from?
The red nucleus
What is the path of the rubrospinal tract?
It descends contralaterally within the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord
Which of the following is the primary function of the pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts?
To maintain postural muscle tone and support the body against gravity
What is the relationship between the pontine reticulospinal tract and the medullary reticulospinal tract?
The pontine tract and the medullary tract have opposite effects on the antigravity motor neurons
What is the role of the vestibular nuclei in the control of antigravity muscles?
The vestibular nuclei work in association with the pontine reticular nuclei to control antigravity muscles
How do the pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts influence the activity of the antigravity muscles?
The pontine tract excites the antigravity muscles while the medullary tract inhibits them
What is the role of the vestibulospinal tract in the control of posture and balance?
The vestibulospinal tract consists of the lateral and medial vestibulospinal tracts, which have opposing effects on the antigravity muscles
How do the pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts influence visceral functions?
Both the pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts are involved in controlling various visceral functions, such as respiration, cardiovascular activity, and gastrointestinal activity
Test your knowledge on how sensory receptors respond to stimuli through sensory transduction, leading to the development of receptor potential. Learn about membrane depolarization and the generation of nerve impulses in sensory receptors.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
