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Questions and Answers
Which type of pain is characterized by sharp, quick pain that triggers protective reflexes?
Which type of pain is characterized by sharp, quick pain that triggers protective reflexes?
- Chronic pain
- Psychogenic pain
- Fast pain (correct)
- Slow pain
Which type of pain is characterized by slow, throbbing, long-lasting pain that encourages protecting the site of damage?
Which type of pain is characterized by slow, throbbing, long-lasting pain that encourages protecting the site of damage?
- Chronic pain
- Psychogenic pain
- Slow pain (correct)
- Fast pain
Which channels detect even higher temperatures than TRPV1 channels and do not bind to capsaicin?
Which channels detect even higher temperatures than TRPV1 channels and do not bind to capsaicin?
- A delta fibers
- TRPM3 channels (correct)
- TRPV1 channels
- C fibers
Which receptors are found on free nerve endings in the skin and can bind to capsaicin?
Which receptors are found on free nerve endings in the skin and can bind to capsaicin?
Which pathway do pain signals take to reach the brain?
Which pathway do pain signals take to reach the brain?
Which structure is a key component of the natural pain control system and releases endogenous opioids into the spinal cord when activated by strong pain signals?
Which structure is a key component of the natural pain control system and releases endogenous opioids into the spinal cord when activated by strong pain signals?
Which type of pain control method may activate the endorphin-mediated pain control system?
Which type of pain control method may activate the endorphin-mediated pain control system?
Which type of pain control method alters the brain's perception of pain?
Which type of pain control method alters the brain's perception of pain?
Which type of pain control method blocks pain signals in the spinal cord?
Which type of pain control method blocks pain signals in the spinal cord?
Which type of pain control method blocks chemical inflammatory signals at the site of injury?
Which type of pain control method blocks chemical inflammatory signals at the site of injury?
Which type of receptor cell responds to vibration and pressure in the skin?
Which type of receptor cell responds to vibration and pressure in the skin?
What is the role of stretch-sensitive Na+ channels in sensory transduction?
What is the role of stretch-sensitive Na+ channels in sensory transduction?
Which type of sensory receptor cell responds to changes in touch stimuli?
Which type of sensory receptor cell responds to changes in touch stimuli?
What is the function of tonic receptors?
What is the function of tonic receptors?
Which strategy is used by sensory systems to detect varied stimuli?
Which strategy is used by sensory systems to detect varied stimuli?
What is the function of the dorsal column system in the somatosensory pathway?
What is the function of the dorsal column system in the somatosensory pathway?
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) located?
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) located?
What is the function of receptive fields in sensory processing?
What is the function of receptive fields in sensory processing?
What is the role of the posterior parietal lobe in attention?
What is the role of the posterior parietal lobe in attention?
What is synesthesia?
What is synesthesia?
Which of the following is NOT a function of sensory receptor organs?
Which of the following is NOT a function of sensory receptor organs?
What is the somatosensory system responsible for?
What is the somatosensory system responsible for?
What is the purpose of labeled lines in sensory processing?
What is the purpose of labeled lines in sensory processing?
Which type of pupils are commonly found in animals with land-based predators?
Which type of pupils are commonly found in animals with land-based predators?
What is a receptor potential?
What is a receptor potential?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the somatosensory system?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the somatosensory system?
What do vertical slit pupils help animals with?
What do vertical slit pupils help animals with?
What is the main function of circular pupils?
What is the main function of circular pupils?
What is the purpose of sensory transduction?
What is the purpose of sensory transduction?
What is the purpose of sensory receptor organs?
What is the purpose of sensory receptor organs?
What is sensory transduction?
What is sensory transduction?
What are sensory receptor organs?
What are sensory receptor organs?
What is the purpose of horizontal pupils in animals with land-based predators?
What is the purpose of horizontal pupils in animals with land-based predators?
What is the purpose of vertical slit pupils in small ambush predators?
What is the purpose of vertical slit pupils in small ambush predators?
What is the purpose of circular pupils in foragers, pack hunters, and pursuit predators?
What is the purpose of circular pupils in foragers, pack hunters, and pursuit predators?
What are receptor cells?
What are receptor cells?
What are labeled lines in sensory processing?
What are labeled lines in sensory processing?
What is the somatosensory system responsible for?
What is the somatosensory system responsible for?
What is a receptor potential?
What is a receptor potential?
What do labeled lines tell the somatosensory system?
What do labeled lines tell the somatosensory system?
What is the role of the Pacinian corpuscle in sensory transduction in the somatosensory system?
What is the role of the Pacinian corpuscle in sensory transduction in the somatosensory system?
What are the six aspects of sensory processing?
What are the six aspects of sensory processing?
How does a single neuron convey stimulus intensity?
How does a single neuron convey stimulus intensity?
What is range fractionation?
What is range fractionation?
What are the two strategies used by sensory systems to detect varied stimuli?
What are the two strategies used by sensory systems to detect varied stimuli?
What is sensory adaptation?
What is sensory adaptation?
How can a constant stimulus be suppressed?
How can a constant stimulus be suppressed?
What are the three components of the somatosensory pathway?
What are the three components of the somatosensory pathway?
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) located?
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) located?
What is a receptive field?
What is a receptive field?
What are nociceptors and where are they found?
What are nociceptors and where are they found?
What are TRPV1 channels and what do they detect?
What are TRPV1 channels and what do they detect?
What are TRPM3 channels and what do they detect?
What are TRPM3 channels and what do they detect?
What types of sensory neurons are nociceptors found on?
What types of sensory neurons are nociceptors found on?
What is the difference between fast pain and slow pain?
What is the difference between fast pain and slow pain?
How do pain signals reach the brain?
How do pain signals reach the brain?
What is the key structure in the natural pain control system?
What is the key structure in the natural pain control system?
How does the periaqueductal gray (PAG) control pain?
How does the periaqueductal gray (PAG) control pain?
What are some examples of opioid drugs?
What are some examples of opioid drugs?
How do opioid drugs act as analgesics?
How do opioid drugs act as analgesics?
Receptor potentials are caused by sensory ________.
Receptor potentials are caused by sensory ________.
The Pacinian corpuscle is a skin receptor cell that responds to ________ and pressure.
The Pacinian corpuscle is a skin receptor cell that responds to ________ and pressure.
A single neuron can convey stimulus intensity by changing the ________ of its action potentials.
A single neuron can convey stimulus intensity by changing the ________ of its action potentials.
Range fractionation takes place when different cells have different ________ for firing, over a range of stimulus intensities.
Range fractionation takes place when different cells have different ________ for firing, over a range of stimulus intensities.
Two strategies used by sensory systems to detect varied stimuli are using multiple versions of the same ________ cell and using different ________ cells to respond to different types of stimuli.
Two strategies used by sensory systems to detect varied stimuli are using multiple versions of the same ________ cell and using different ________ cells to respond to different types of stimuli.
Sensory adaptation is a progressive decrease in a receptor’s response to ________ stimulation.
Sensory adaptation is a progressive decrease in a receptor’s response to ________ stimulation.
Aspects of sensory processing include frequency coding, adaptation, ________, receptive fields, and attention.
Aspects of sensory processing include frequency coding, adaptation, ________, receptive fields, and attention.
The somatosensory pathway consists of sensory receptor cells in the ________, dorsal column system, ventral posterior thalamus (VPL), medial lemniscus, and primary somatosensory cortex (S1).
The somatosensory pathway consists of sensory receptor cells in the ________, dorsal column system, ventral posterior thalamus (VPL), medial lemniscus, and primary somatosensory cortex (S1).
The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is located in the ________ gyrus.
The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is located in the ________ gyrus.
Receptive fields are areas in which the presence of a stimulus will alter a receptor cell’s firing ________.
Receptive fields are areas in which the presence of a stimulus will alter a receptor cell’s firing ________.
Pain Nociceptors – pain receptors found on free nerve endings in the ______
Pain Nociceptors – pain receptors found on free nerve endings in the ______
Some nociceptors contain TRPV1 channels, cation channels open at high, dangerous temperatures, also bind ______ – “hot” chemical in chili peppers
Some nociceptors contain TRPV1 channels, cation channels open at high, dangerous temperatures, also bind ______ – “hot” chemical in chili peppers
Found on nociceptor sensory neurons with thin, unmyelinated ______ fibers
Found on nociceptor sensory neurons with thin, unmyelinated ______ fibers
TRPM3 channels: detect even higher temperatures than TRPV1, do not bind to ______
TRPM3 channels: detect even higher temperatures than TRPV1, do not bind to ______
Found on nociceptor sensory neurons with large, myelinated A delta (Aδ) ______
Found on nociceptor sensory neurons with large, myelinated A delta (Aδ) ______
Fast pain (first pain) – sharp, quick pain that triggers protective ______
Fast pain (first pain) – sharp, quick pain that triggers protective ______
Carried by ______ fibers
Carried by ______ fibers
Slow pain (second pain) – slow, throbbing, longlasting pain that encourages protecting site of ______
Slow pain (second pain) – slow, throbbing, longlasting pain that encourages protecting site of ______
Carried by ______ fibers
Carried by ______ fibers
Pain signals reach brain via anterolateral or spinothalamic ______ (different from touch/vibration sense)
Pain signals reach brain via anterolateral or spinothalamic ______ (different from touch/vibration sense)
Sensory receptor organs are organs specialized to detect a certain ______.
Sensory receptor organs are organs specialized to detect a certain ______.
Horizontal pupils allow animal to enhance light received from ______ and ______.
Horizontal pupils allow animal to enhance light received from ______ and ______.
Animals evolve sensory organs that are specialized to help them ______
Animals evolve sensory organs that are specialized to help them ______
Horizontal pupils allow animal to enhance light received from ______ and ______
Horizontal pupils allow animal to enhance light received from ______ and ______
Vertical slit pupils help animals to accurately judge distance without having to move their ______
Vertical slit pupils help animals to accurately judge distance without having to move their ______
Circular pupils allow for high detail, precise vision – handy for tracking and following moving ______
Circular pupils allow for high detail, precise vision – handy for tracking and following moving ______
Receptor cells – specialized cells that perform ______
Receptor cells – specialized cells that perform ______
Labeled lines tell the somatosensory system: where a sensation is ______. the specific type of touch being ______
Labeled lines tell the somatosensory system: where a sensation is ______. the specific type of touch being ______
Receptor potential – local, graded change in Vm that is proportional in size to the ______ that caused it
Receptor potential – local, graded change in Vm that is proportional in size to the ______ that caused it
The Pacinian corpuscle is a skin receptor cell that responds to ______ and pressure
The Pacinian corpuscle is a skin receptor cell that responds to ______ and pressure
Sensory adaptation is a progressive decrease in a receptor’s response to ______ stimulation
Sensory adaptation is a progressive decrease in a receptor’s response to ______ stimulation
Nociceptors – pain receptors found on free nerve endings in the ______
Nociceptors – pain receptors found on free nerve endings in the ______
Study Notes
Pain Detection
- Sharp, quick pain that triggers protective reflexes is characterized as fast pain or first pain, carried by Aδ fibers.
- Slow, throbbing, long-lasting pain that encourages protecting the site of damage is characterized as slow pain or second pain, carried by C fibers.
Pain Receptors
- TRPV1 channels detect high temperatures and bind to capsaicin.
- TRPM3 channels detect even higher temperatures than TRPV1 channels and do not bind to capsaicin.
- Nociceptors, found on free nerve endings in the skin, are pain receptors that can bind to capsaicin.
Pain Signals
- Pain signals take the anterolateral or spinothalamic pathway to reach the brain.
- The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a key component of the natural pain control system and releases endogenous opioids into the spinal cord when activated by strong pain signals.
Sensory Processing
- The six aspects of sensory processing are frequency coding, adaptation, receptive fields, attention, transduction, and transmission.
- Sensory systems use two strategies to detect varied stimuli: using multiple versions of the same receptor cell and using different receptor cells to respond to different types of stimuli.
- Sensory adaptation is a progressive decrease in a receptor's response to repeated stimulation.
Somatosensory System
- The somatosensory pathway consists of sensory receptor cells in the skin, dorsal column system, ventral posterior thalamus (VPL), medial lemniscus, and primary somatosensory cortex (S1).
- The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is located in the postcentral gyrus.
- Receptive fields are areas in which the presence of a stimulus will alter a receptor cell's firing rate.
Receptors and Pupils
- Receptor cells are specialized cells that perform sensory transduction.
- Labeled lines tell the somatosensory system where a sensation is located and the specific type of touch being applied.
- Vertical slit pupils help animals accurately judge distance without having to move their heads.
- Circular pupils allow for high detail, precise vision – handy for tracking and following moving prey.
- Horizontal pupils enhance light received from above and below.
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Description
Test your knowledge on sensory systems, sensory transduction, and functional processing in sensory pathways with this quiz. Explore the pain system and learn about pain control methods. Find answers to quizzes 1, 2, and 3. Understand how sensory receptor organs detect and convert environmental stimuli into changes in membrane potential.
