Sensory Examination: Tactile Tests Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is indicated by swaying or falling during the Romberg Test with eyes closed?

  • Olfactory dysfunction
  • Cerebellar dysfunction
  • Vestibular dysfunction
  • Proprioceptive dysfunction (correct)

    • Which test primarily assesses lower limb coordination?

  • Heel-to-Shin Test (correct)
  • Stereognosis
  • Finger-to-Nose Test
  • Rapid Alternating Movements

    • What is being tested during the Finger-to-Nose Test?

  • Fine touch discrimination
  • Vestibular function
  • Proprioceptive feedback
  • Coordination and precision of movements (correct)

    • Which abnormal finding is indicated by an inability to recognize objects by touch?

    <p>Tactile discrimination impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Two-point Discrimination test assess?

    <p>Fine touch discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test evaluates the capacity to recognize writing on the skin purely by the sensation of touch?

    <p>Graphesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an unsteady gait indicate during a Balance Test?

    <p>Cerebellar dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily tested during the Rapid Alternating Movements (RAM) test?

    <p>Cerebellar function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reflex involves the pupillary response to light?

    <p>Visceral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve tract is typically assessed by observing rapid flexion and extension of the foot at the ankles?

    <p>Pathologic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The abdominal reflexes are an example of which type of reflex?

    <p>Somatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body areas are typically tested for assessing the cremasteric reflex?

    <p>Abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clonus, when assessed, indicates a disruption in which type of tracts?

    <p>Pathologic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex represents a dysfunction in the basal ganglia circuits?

    <p>Clonus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Engaging in rhythmic oscillations at the ankles' can be associated with assessing:

    <p>Clonus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Involuntary muscle movements' are commonly observed in which body area for assessment?

    <p>Limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a normal finding for the Point Location assessment?

    <p>After a point on the skin is touched, the person can accurately indicate where they were touched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a DTR score of 4 indicate?

    <p>Very brisk, hyperactive with clonus, indicative of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve tracts are tested during deep tendon reflexes?

    <p>Spinal cord segments and corresponding nerve tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Extinction abnormal finding involve?

    <p>Failure to perceive touch on one side when both sides are touched simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might an abnormality in the Superficial reflexes suggest?

    <p>Higher brain center dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body area is tested for the patellar reflex?

    <p>L2-L4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a DTR score of 0?

    <p>No response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Biceps reflex assessment, where is the thumb placed?

    <p>On the biceps tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex involves striking the triceps tendon just above the elbow?

    <p>Triceps reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal response during the Triceps reflex assessment?

    <p>Extension of forearm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Quadriceps reflex assessment, where should the tendon be struck?

    <p>Just below the patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex involves holding the foot in dorsiflexion and striking the Achilles tendon directly?

    <p>Achilles reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal response during the Brachioradialis reflex assessment?

    <p>Supination of forearm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the lower legs be positioned during Quadriceps reflex assessment?

    <p>Dangling freely to flex knee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a normal finding during Abdominal Reflexes testing?

    <p>Contraction of abdominal muscles and towards movement of umbilicus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of nystagmus?

    <p>Involuntary, rhythmic movements of the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can vertigo indicate?

    <p>Inner ear problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Snellen Eye Chart?

    <p>To measure visual acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to evaluate balance and proprioception?

    <p>Romberg Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cerumen accumulation in the ear cause?

    <p>Hearing impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lesion is often associated with clonus?

    <p>Upper motor neuron lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sinusitis refer to?

    <p>Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for testing the gag reflex?

    <p>CN IX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is involved in assessing facial sensation and the muscles of mastication?

    <p>CN V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is crucial for lateral gaze movement?

    <p>CN VI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abnormal finding related to the Corneal Reflex test?

    <p>Absence or asymmetry of blinking response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is linked to hearing and balance tests?

    <p>CN VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling tongue movement?

    <p>CN XII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Nystagmus' as an abnormal finding relates to dysfunction in which cranial nerve?

    <p>CN VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Shoulder shrug and head turn against resistance' are used to evaluate the function of which cranial nerve?

    <p>CN XI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can vertigo indicate?

    <p>Inner ear problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Romberg Test?

    <p>Assess balance and proprioception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a Snellen Eye Chart?

    <p>Measure visual acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might indicate a cerumen-related issue?

    <p>Hearing impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is clonus commonly associated with?

    <p>Upper motor neuron lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does nystagmus indicate?

    <p>Vestibular dysfunction or neurological abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an abnormal Finger-to-Nose Test result indicate?

    <p>Proprioceptive feedback issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Romberg Test, what does swaying or falling when eyes are closed suggest?

    <p>Proprioceptive feedback issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily tested during the Heel-to-Shin Test?

    <p>Coordination and skilled movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal finding in the Tactile discrimination test for Stereognosis?

    <p>Recognizing and identifying common objects by touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a person has difficulty discerning two distinct points on the skin applied simultaneously, what does it indicate?

    <p>Normal sensory function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an inability to stand without a wide base during the Balance Test suggest?

    <p>Proprioceptive feedback issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Rapid Alternating Movements (RAM) test, what is primarily assessed?

    <p>Coordination of skilled movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abnormal finding associated with the Extinction test?

    <p>Failure to perceive touch on one side when both sides are touched simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve tract is being tested during Superficial reflexes?

    <p>Higher brain centers and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a DTR score of 1 indicate?

    <p>Diminished, low normal, or occurs with reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the common site tested for the Achilles reflex?

    <p>S1-S2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is being tested during the Point Location assessment?

    <p>Ability to accurately indicate where on the skin was touched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a DTR score of 2 indicate?

    <p>Average, normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body area is commonly tested for the brachioradialis reflex?

    <p>C6-C7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a diminished response during the Patellar reflex assessment?

    <p>'Diminished, low normal, or occurs with reinforcement'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a normal finding during the Cremasteric Reflex assessment in males?

    <p>Elevation of the testicle on the side stroked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes a sensation of lightheadedness, faintness, or unsteadiness without the sensation of movement?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an abnormal finding during the Plantar Reflex assessment?

    <p>Extension of the big toe with fanning of other toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of Tension Headaches?

    <p>Tightness or pressure across the forehead or head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurological condition is mainly recognized by intense, debilitating headaches along with other symptoms like nausea and sensitivity to light and sound?

    <p>Migraine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of headaches, what does Cluster headache refer to?

    <p>Pain on one side of the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an abnormal response during the Plantar Reflex assessment indicate?

    <p>'Extension of the big toe' with fanning of other toes, representing CNS lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dizziness is characterized by a sensation of spinning or movement?

    <p>'Vertigo'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for age-related loss of near vision due to decreased lens flexibility in the eye?

    <p>Presbyopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by unequal pupil sizes and can indicate underlying neurological or ophthalmological issues?

    <p>Anisocoria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Glasgow Coma Testing evaluate in a patient following a neurological event?

    <p>Consciousness level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hearing loss is caused by damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve?

    <p>Sensorineural Hearing Loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss results in which type of hearing loss?

    <p>Mixed Hearing Loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does central hearing loss result from?

    <p>Brain damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hearing loss is often caused by problems in the outer or middle ear?

    <p>Conductive Hearing Loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a balance assessment, what does standing with feet together and eyes closed primarily evaluate?

    <p>Balance maintenance without visual input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerve tract is primarily responsible for autonomic reflexes?

    <p>Visceral nerve tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body area is primarily tested during the assessment of dyskinesia?

    <p>Limbs or body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tracts are disrupted when clonus is observed?

    <p>Motor tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which reflex assessment can rapid flexion and extension at the ankles elicit rhythmic oscillations?

    <p>Clonus reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of the basal ganglia circuits?

    <p>Regulation of voluntary motor movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is involved in assessing the pupillary response to light?

    <p>Optic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of the body is primarily tested during the abdominal reflexes assessment?

    <p>Pelvis and lower abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a disruption in the trigeminal nerve circuit typically relate to?

    <p>Dysfunction in sensory input to the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an abnormal Finger-to-Nose Test result suggest?

    <p>Proprioceptive feedback dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Two-point Discrimination test, what does an abnormal finding indicate?

    <p>Inability to discern two distinct points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does swaying or falling during the Romberg Test with eyes closed indicate?

    <p>Proprioceptive or vestibular dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily tested during the Heel-to-Shin Test?

    <p>Lower limb coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Graphesthesia test, what is indicated by difficulty in recognizing writing on the skin purely by touch?

    <p>Proprioceptive dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an inability to recognize objects by touch suggest during the Stereognosis test?

    <p>Proprioceptive feedback impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Rapid Alternating Movements (RAM) test, what is primarily assessed?

    <p>Cerebellar function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested by loss of balance or requiring a wide base to stand during the Balance Test?

    <p>Proprioceptive feedback issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Biceps reflex assessment, what is the normal response when striking the biceps tendon?

    <p>Contraction of biceps muscle and flexion of forearm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is targeted when assessing the Quadriceps reflex?

    <p>Directly below the patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome during the Achilles reflex assessment?

    <p>Foot plantar flexes against your hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing the Brachioradialis reflex assessment, where should you strike the forearm?

    <p>About 2 to 3 cm above radial styloid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Triceps reflex assessment, what should be done to elicit a normal response?

    <p>Strike triceps tendon directly above the elbow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should you support a person’s forearm during the Triceps reflex assessment?

    <p>On yours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Knee jerk' reflex is associated with which neurological levels during assessment?

    <p>L2 to L4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cranial nerve is primarily responsible for the sense of smell?

    <p>CN I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is associated with pupillary response and extraocular eye movements?

    <p>CN III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is related to hearing and balance tests?

    <p>CN VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial movements and taste in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

    <p>CN VII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Involuntary rhythmic shaking or oscillation of the eyes is an abnormal finding related to which cranial nerve?

    <p>CN VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is associated with facial sensation and muscles of mastication?

    <p>CN V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cranial Nerve Functions

    • Cranial Nerve I (Olfactory): responsible for smell, performs Smell Test
    • Cranial Nerve II (Optic): responsible for visual acuity and fields, performs Visual Acuity and Fields Test
    • Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor): responsible for pupillary response and eye movements (EOMs)
    • Cranial Nerve IV (Trochlear): responsible for eye movements (EOMs), especially downward gaze
    • Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal): responsible for facial sensation and muscles of mastication
    • Cranial Nerve VI (Abducens): responsible for lateral gaze
    • Cranial Nerve VII (Facial): responsible for facial movements and taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
    • Cranial Nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear): responsible for hearing and balance tests
    • Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal): responsible for gag reflex and taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue)
    • Cranial Nerve X (Vagus): responsible for gag reflex, voice quality, and visceral reflexes
    • Cranial Nerve XI (Spinal Accessory): responsible for shoulder shrug and head turn against resistance
    • Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal): responsible for tongue movement

    Eye Assessment

    • Nystagmus: involves Cranial Nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) and related nerves (III, IV, and VI); abnormal finding: involuntary rhythmic shaking or oscillation of the eyes
    • Corneal Reflex: involves Cranial Nerve V (trigeminal nerve) and Cranial Nerve VII (facial nerve); abnormal finding: absence or asymmetry of blinking response

    Cerebellar Function Tests

    • Balance Test: abnormal findings include loss of balance, unsteady gait, inability to walk straight, or requiring a wide base to stand
    • Romberg Test: abnormal findings include swaying or falling when eyes are closed, indicating proprioceptive or vestibular dysfunction
    • Rapid Alternating Movements (RAM): tests cerebellar function, specifically the ability to perform rapid, alternating movements smoothly
    • Finger-to-Nose Test: tests coordination and precision of movements, pointing to cerebellar function or proprioceptive feedback
    • Heel-to-Shin Test: tests lower limb coordination and the ability to perform smooth, accurate movements

    Tactile Discrimination and Reflexes

    • Stereognosis: ability to recognize and identify common objects by touch and manipulation without visual input; abnormal finding: inability to recognize objects by touch
    • Graphesthesia: ability to recognize writing on the skin purely by sensation of touch; abnormal finding: difficulty in recognizing writing on the skin
    • Two-point Discrimination: ability to discern two distinct points when simultaneously applied to the skin at close proximity; abnormal finding: inability to distinguish two nearby points
    • Extinction: failure to perceive touch on one side when both sides are touched simultaneously
    • Point Location: ability to accurately indicate where a point on the skin was touched after the stimulus is removed; abnormal finding: difficulty in identifying the exact point touched

    Reflexes

    • Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRs): tests the integrity of spinal cord segments and corresponding nerve tracts, using a 4-point scale
    • Superficial Reflexes: tests the function of higher brain centers and the spinal cord
    • Visceral Reflexes: tests the autonomic nervous system and involves smooth muscle responses rather than skeletal muscle
    • Pathologic (Abnormal) Reflexes:
      • Clonus: indicates disruption of motor tracts, typically within the central nervous system
      • Dyskinesia: represents a dysfunction in the basal ganglia circuits, affecting voluntary motor movements and procedural learning### Biceps Reflex (C5-C6)
    • Supports person's forearm on yours
    • Places thumb on biceps tendon and strikes a blow
    • Normal response: contraction of biceps muscle and flexion of forearm

    Triceps Reflex (C7-C8)

    • Tells person to let arm "just go dead"
    • Strikes triceps tendon directly just above the elbow
    • Normal response: extension of forearm

    Brachioradialis Reflex (C5-C6)

    • Holds person's thumbs to suspend forearms in relaxation
    • Strikes forearm directly, 2-3 cm above radial styloid process
    • Normal response: flexion and supination of forearm

    Quadriceps Reflex (L2-L4, "Knee Jerk")

    • Lets lower legs dangle freely to flex knee and stretch tendons
    • Strikes tendon directly just below patella
    • Normal response: extension of lower leg

    Achilles Reflex (L5-S2, "Ankle Jerk")

    • Positions person with knee flexed
    • Holds foot in dorsiflexion and strikes Achilles tendon directly
    • Normal response: foot plantar flexes against your hand

    Superficial Reflexes - Abdominal Reflexes

    • Tests four quadrants: upper and lower on each side
    • Normal finding: abdominal muscles contract, and umbilicus moves towards the stimulus when the skin of the abdomen is lightly stroked
    • Abnormal finding: absence of contraction of the abdominal muscles and movement of the umbilicus in response to stroking the skin

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on tactile tests used in sensory examination. Learn about recognizing abnormal and normal findings in tests like recognition threshold, extinction, and point location.

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