18 Questions
What is the main reason behind motion sickness according to the Sensory Conflict Theory?
Mismatch between vestibular system sensations and sensations from the eyes and body
Which characteristic best describes the nature of perception as mentioned in the text?
Selective and cognitive process
Which sensory organ is responsible for monitoring the positions of the various parts of the body?
Joints
What is the Pollyanna Principle mentioned in the text related to perceptual processing?
More accurate processing of pleasant stimuli
How does selective screening affect perception according to the text?
It reduces cognitive load by filtering out irrelevant information
Which sense provides us with information about body position, movement, and acceleration?
Vestibular sense
What type of movements stimulate the vestibular sense?
Spinning
In the context of perception, what is meant by perceptual grouping as discussed in the text?
Organizing stimuli into a recognizable pattern
Where are the sensory organs for the vestibular sense located?
Semi-circular canals
How does perceptual set influence perception according to the text?
It creates expectations based on past experiences
What are the three tiny bones in the middle ear responsible for amplifying vibrations?
Malleus, incus, stapes
Which theory is directly related to motion sickness?
Sensory Conflict Theory
After which type of activities do we usually become aware of our vestibular sense?
Participating in amusement park rides with rapid acceleration
What is the term for poor transfer of sounds from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear?
Conduction Deafness
What type of deafness is caused by damage to hair cells or the auditory nerve?
Nerve Deafness
Which electronic device stimulates auditory nerves directly?
Cochlear Implant
Which skin sensation communicates to the body that something has gone wrong?
Pain
What physical property stimulus is associated with itching sensation on the skin?
Chemical
Study Notes
Kinesthetic Sense
- Kinesthetic sense, or kinesthesis, is the sense that tells you where the parts of your body are with respect to one another.
- It monitors the positions of the various parts of the body.
- Receptors in the joints transduce mechanical energy into neural activity, providing information about both the rate of change and the angle of the bones.
Vestibular Sense
- Vestibular sense is the sense of equilibrium or body balance.
- It gives us information about body position, movement, and acceleration.
- The sensory organs for the vestibular sense are located in the inner ear, specifically in the semi circular canals above the cochlea.
- The receptors are filled with the fluid endolymph and have nerve fibers.
Auditory Sense
- Sound vibrations hit the cochlea, which is lined with hair cells.
- Hair cells move and trigger the release of neurotransmitters.
- Electrical signals are sent by the auditory nerve to the brain.
- Conduction deafness occurs when there is poor transfer of sounds from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear and can be compensated with an amplifier (hearing aid).
- Nerve deafness is caused by damage to hair cells or auditory nerve and cannot be compensated with hearing aids.
Somesthesis (Skin)
- Somesthesis refers to sensations of the skin, including touch, pressure, pain, cold, warmth, itching, and vibration.
- Nerve receptor cells are located at various depths throughout the skin and are distributed unevenly throughout the body.
- Physical properties that stimulate somesthesis include temperature, pressure, and chemicals.
Pain
- Pain is a sensation that tells the body that something has gone wrong.
- Sensory Conflict Theory states that motion sickness occurs because vestibular system sensations do not match sensations from the eyes and body.
Perception
- Perception is the process of giving meaning to the environment around us.
- Characteristics of perception include the need for a stimulus, immediate experience, active mental processing, organization of stimuli, and selectivity.
- Factors that influence perception include selective screening, perceptual set, the Pollyanna principle, and perceptual grouping.
- Perceptual organization is the process of grouping stimuli into recognizable patterns, also known as the "Gestalt Process".
Explore the concepts of Sensory Conflict Theory and Perception, which explain the occurrence of motion sickness and the cognitive process of interpreting stimuli. Learn about how discrepancies between vestibular system sensations and visual/body sensations can lead to motion sickness, and how perception plays a crucial role in understanding our environment.
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