Sensory and Perceptual Development in Infants
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Questions and Answers

At what age do infants typically show a preference for the human voice by smiling?

  • 4 months
  • 9 months
  • 6 months
  • 3 months (correct)

    • When do infants start differentiating phonemes in all languages?

  • After 6 months
  • At 3 months
  • Before 6 months (correct)
  • Around 9 months

    • By what age do infants typically follow the gaze of others to track the path of moving objects?

  • 9 months
  • 3 months
  • 6 months
  • 4 months (correct)

    • What is a crucial function of touch for infants according to the text?

    <p>Exploring the world and communicating with caregivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does vision development progress in infants during the first 4 months?

    <p>Vision becomes clearer for shapes, colors, and motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do newborns typically show evidence of in terms of taste and smell preferences?

    <p>Preference for sweet and salty tastes over bitter and sour tastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior is characteristic of infants with secure attachment?

    <p>Actively exploring the room and interacting with the stranger when the mother is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of infants with avoidant attachment?

    <p>Avoiding contact with their mothers during the reunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of infants with avoidant attachment?

    <p>Avoiding eye contact with the mother during the reunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do infants with secure attachment react when the mother leaves?

    <p>Show distress and seek comfort from the mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior do infants with secure attachment exhibit in relation to strangers?

    <p>Use the mother as a safe base for exploration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do infants with avoidant attachment typically behave at home?

    <p>Mothers seem to reject them and show anger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of an infant's growing attachment to a specific person by 6 months?

    <p>Infant's positive response influenced by the mother speaking positively to a stranger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do infants typically respond when their parents leave them?

    <p>With rage and despair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common soothing method for newborns mentioned in the text?

    <p>Gentle stroking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do infants usually react to faces without any motion or facial expression?

    <p>Move away or show distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences an infant's response according to the text?

    <p>How the mother responds to the stranger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do infants expect in human interaction according to the 'still face experiment' mentioned in the text?

    <p>Normal facial movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants typically show signs of separation anxiety?

    <p>9 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do babies become over time in response to parents' temporary departures?

    <p>More flexible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the progression of infants being able to hold their heads up, roll over, reach and grasp things, sit, crawl, stand, and walk demonstrate?

    <p>Physical maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can influence an infant's attachment quality according to the text?

    <p>Baby's responses to separation and reunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive ability is demonstrated when infants remember specific objects and their own actions for up to a week as shown in habituation tasks?

    <p>Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relation to causal schemes, what do infants understand about certain actions leading to consequences?

    <p>They can make things happen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way in which infants learn to understand social interaction?

    <p>Through observation, sensory, and motor functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the process where infant and caregiver are involved in similar behaviors or states at the same time?

    <p>Matching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process through which infants and caregivers move fluidly from one state to the next?

    <p>Synchrony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what stage of mutuality with the caregiver do typically mismatched communications occur?

    <p>Mismatch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when infants withdraw attention during interactions with caregivers?

    <p>Caregivers reduce stimulation and wait until the infants are ready to engage again</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior is an example of coordination between infants and caregivers?

    <p>Infant crying and caregiver responding with comfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to matched interactions appearing to become mismatched rather quickly in babies?

    <p>Rapid development in babies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for caregivers to reduce stimulation when infants withdraw attention?

    <p>To give the infants space to refocus and engage again</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one cognitive ability demonstrated by infants as young as 3 months, according to habituation tasks?

    <p>Remembering specific objects and actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the 'still face experiment', what do infants expect in human interaction when faced with a still face?

    <p>Normal facial movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ability of infants to hold their heads up, roll over, reach and grasp things, sit, crawl, stand, and walk demonstrate?

    <p>Physical maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive ability involves infants understanding that one thing represents something else?

    <p>Symbolic thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do infants understand about certain actions leading to consequences based on their knowledge of causal schemes?

    <p>Knowing actions will lead to consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior do infants exhibit in the 'still face experiment' when faced with faces showing no movement or facial expression?

    <p>Discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of interaction can infants engage in based on their knowledge of causal schemes?

    <p>Physical interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What milestone in early communication is crucial for the knowledge acquisition process?

    <p>Pointing gestures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In attachment theory, what is considered innate and has a survival value for developing a person's sense of security?

    <p>Strong emotional bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'stranger anxiety' refer to in the context of infant behavior?

    <p>Discomfort around unfamiliar adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive milestone demonstrates infants' abilities to interact with the external world?

    <p>Gestures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first evidence of object permanence in infants according to the text?

    <p>A-not-B error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key process involved in attachment development according to John Bowlby's theory?

    <p>Forming positive emotional bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants typically start combining sounds with gestures and looks to achieve goals?

    <p>8 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential implications do infants face when caregivers with psychological problems are unresponsive and emotionally unavailable?

    <p>Impairment in sensitivity to emotional states and response to needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do infants of depressed mothers typically behave in terms of emotional expression and interaction repair?

    <p>Show fewer positive matched states, take longer to repair interactions, and display a range of emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key qualities do caregivers need to optimize an infant's development according to the text?

    <p>Sensitivity, emotional availability, and reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might infants of depressed mothers have difficulty sustaining smooth communication with their babies?

    <p>They experience fewer expressions of interest from their caregivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential consequence arises for infants when caregivers are unable to respond to their needs effectively?

    <p>Impairments in sensitivity to emotional states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do infants of parents with psychological problems typically experience the quality of daily interactions?

    <p>Impaired sensitivity to emotional states and unmet needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do infants with unresponsive and emotionally unavailable caregivers struggle with in terms of emotional states and interactions?

    <p>'Fewer expressions of interest, sad, angry, weaker regulations of emotions'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term best describes an infant's decreased response after repeated exposure to the same stimulus?

    <p>Habituation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the habituation paradigm, what does an increase in responsiveness to a new stimulus indicate?

    <p>Dishabituation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the habituation/dishabituation paradigm assess in infants?

    <p>Ability to distinguish objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when an infant habituates to a stimulus according to the text?

    <p>They show a decreased response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the habituation paradigm example given with puppets, what does dishabituation suggest about the infant?

    <p>They can recognize and differentiate between puppets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose does the habituation paradigm serve in studying sensory/perceptual functions?

    <p>To measure discrimination abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of sensory/perceptual functions, what is the significance of dishabituation occurring in response to a new stimulus?

    <p>It demonstrates the ability to detect novelty and differentiate stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of attachment is characterized by infants showing little exploratory behaviors and being greatly upset when separated from the mother?

    <p>Resistant attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In disorganized attachment, infants show contradictory behaviors at the reunion. What is a characteristic of these contradictory behaviors?

    <p>Looking away from the mother while moving towards her</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What parental characteristic promotes secure attachment by being psychologically available, responsive, consistent, and warm in interactions with infants?

    <p>Responsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does parental sensitivity refer to in the context of attachment?

    <p>Parents responding accurately to infants' signals with timely care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of attachment involves infants who continue to express anger towards the mother even after she returns?

    <p>Resistant attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of infants with disorganized attachment when interacting with their mothers?

    <p>Contradictory behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parental behavior promotes secure attachment by being attentive and accurately interpreting the infant's signals?

    <p>Being attentive and accurate in responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insecure resistant attachment is characterized by infants showing little interest in exploratory behaviors. What is another distinct feature of this type of attachment?

    <p>Continued distress and anger after the mother's return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of attachment is likely to be formed when caregivers are warm, consistent, and responsive during interactions with infants, especially in the initial months?

    <p><strong>Secure attachment</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a crucial role in promoting secure attachment by attending to infants' physical and emotional needs with timely responses?

    <p>Parental sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

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