Sensors and Actuators

Digital Output

• A digital output is an example of a binary signal that can have only two distinct values, typically represented as 0 or 1.

Diode Function

• A diode in an electrical circuit acts as a one-way switch, allowing current to flow in one direction but blocking it in the other.

Relay Function

• A relay in a circuit is an electrically operated switch that can be controlled remotely to open or close a circuit.

Motor Types

• A stepper motor is commonly used with Arduino due to its precise control and positioning capabilities.

Wire Functions

• Wires in electrical circuits are used to conduct electricity and connect components together.

Measurement Variability

• The term used to describe the variability of a measurement is uncertainty.

Error vs. Uncertainty

• Error refers to a systematic deviation from the true value, whereas uncertainty is a random variation in the measurement.

Uncertainty Components

• The two types of uncertainty components in measurement are random and systematic.

Sources of Uncertainty

• Examples of sources of uncertainty in measurement include instrument limitations, environmental factors, and human error.

Analyzing Uncertainty

• The procedure for analyzing uncertainty in measurement involves identifying the sources of uncertainty, estimating their magnitude, and combining them to obtain the overall uncertainty.