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What is the ability of the body to perceive irritations from the environment or from its own organs and tissues called?
What is the ability of the body to perceive irritations from the environment or from its own organs and tissues called?
Sensitivity
What is the name given to the functional combination of structures in the peripheral and central nervous system that carry out the perception and analysis of information from the external and internal environment?
What is the name given to the functional combination of structures in the peripheral and central nervous system that carry out the perception and analysis of information from the external and internal environment?
Analyzer
What are the three main sections into which analyzers are divided?
What are the three main sections into which analyzers are divided?
Receptor formations, conductor system, cortical end
What is the term for the loss of some kind of sensation?
What is the term for the loss of some kind of sensation?
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What is the term for the incomplete loss or decrease in sensitivity?
What is the term for the incomplete loss or decrease in sensitivity?
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What is the term for hypersensitivity?
What is the term for hypersensitivity?
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What is the term for a perversion of the perception of irritation, where touch is perceived as pain, cold as heat?
What is the term for a perversion of the perception of irritation, where touch is perceived as pain, cold as heat?
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What is the term for a single irritation being perceived as multiple?
What is the term for a single irritation being perceived as multiple?
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What is the term for a feeling of irritation not only at the site of its application, but also in some other area?
What is the term for a feeling of irritation not only at the site of its application, but also in some other area?
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What is the term for irritation being localized not where it was applied, but on the opposite side of the body?
What is the term for irritation being localized not where it was applied, but on the opposite side of the body?
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What are the pathological sensations experienced without external irritation called?
What are the pathological sensations experienced without external irritation called?
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What is the type of peripheral sensory disorder characterized by a violation of all types of sensitivity in the area of the zone of skin innervation of the nerve?
What is the type of peripheral sensory disorder characterized by a violation of all types of sensitivity in the area of the zone of skin innervation of the nerve?
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What type of peripheral sensory disorder is characterized by sensitivity disturbance in the distal parts of the arms and legs by the type of 'gloves and socks'?
What type of peripheral sensory disorder is characterized by sensitivity disturbance in the distal parts of the arms and legs by the type of 'gloves and socks'?
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What type of peripheral sensory disorder is characterized by a disorder of all types of sensitivity in the corresponding territory innervated by the nerves of this plexus?
What type of peripheral sensory disorder is characterized by a disorder of all types of sensitivity in the corresponding territory innervated by the nerves of this plexus?
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What type of peripheral sensory disorder is characterized by pain and impaired sensitivity along the spine, often occurring with herpes zoster or damage to the ganglion?
What type of peripheral sensory disorder is characterized by pain and impaired sensitivity along the spine, often occurring with herpes zoster or damage to the ganglion?
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What type of peripheral sensory disorder is characterized by paresthesia, pain, violation of all types of sensitivity in the corresponding dermatomes?
What type of peripheral sensory disorder is characterized by paresthesia, pain, violation of all types of sensitivity in the corresponding dermatomes?
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What type of sensory disorder is characterized by a disorder of superficial sensitivity in the dermatome corresponding to the segment on the side of the lesion, often seen in syringomyelia or tumors of the spinal cord?
What type of sensory disorder is characterized by a disorder of superficial sensitivity in the dermatome corresponding to the segment on the side of the lesion, often seen in syringomyelia or tumors of the spinal cord?
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What sensory disorder is characterized by a sensory disorder 1-2 dermatomes below the level of the lesion, often seen in spinal cord damage?
What sensory disorder is characterized by a sensory disorder 1-2 dermatomes below the level of the lesion, often seen in spinal cord damage?
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What sensory disorder is characterized by a sensory disorder on the opposite side of the body like monohypesthesia or monoanesthesia, often seen in brain lesions?
What sensory disorder is characterized by a sensory disorder on the opposite side of the body like monohypesthesia or monoanesthesia, often seen in brain lesions?
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What syndrome is characterized by a disturbance of deep sensitivity on the side of the focus and paresis of the extremities, with a violation of pain and temperature sensitivity on the opposite side according to the conduction type, often seen with spinal cord tumors?
What syndrome is characterized by a disturbance of deep sensitivity on the side of the focus and paresis of the extremities, with a violation of pain and temperature sensitivity on the opposite side according to the conduction type, often seen with spinal cord tumors?
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What sensory disorder is characterized by a disturbance of the vestibular apparatus, causing dizziness, increased excitability, and a tendency to fall in a specific direction?
What sensory disorder is characterized by a disturbance of the vestibular apparatus, causing dizziness, increased excitability, and a tendency to fall in a specific direction?
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What sensory disorder is characterized by a loss of proprioceptive sensitivity, leading to unsteady gait, often seen in conditions like polyneuropathy, funicular myelosis, tabes, and Fredreich's familial ataxia?
What sensory disorder is characterized by a loss of proprioceptive sensitivity, leading to unsteady gait, often seen in conditions like polyneuropathy, funicular myelosis, tabes, and Fredreich's familial ataxia?
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What sensory disorder is characterized by an inability to walk or stand due to a sharp violation of movement coordination, often seen in frontal-bridge-cerebellar pathway damage or hysterical conditions?
What sensory disorder is characterized by an inability to walk or stand due to a sharp violation of movement coordination, often seen in frontal-bridge-cerebellar pathway damage or hysterical conditions?
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What sensory disorder is characterized by a disorder of recognition of an object when it is felt, where all types of sensitivity in the hand are preserved, often due to damage to the left supramarginal gyrus in right-handers?
What sensory disorder is characterized by a disorder of recognition of an object when it is felt, where all types of sensitivity in the hand are preserved, often due to damage to the left supramarginal gyrus in right-handers?
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What type of sensory disorder is characterized by a loss of musculo-articular and tactile sensitivity, often due to damage to the left supramarginal gyrus in right-handers?
What type of sensory disorder is characterized by a loss of musculo-articular and tactile sensitivity, often due to damage to the left supramarginal gyrus in right-handers?
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The first pseudounipolar neuron in the spinothalamic pathway is located in the spinal ganglia.
The first pseudounipolar neuron in the spinothalamic pathway is located in the spinal ganglia.
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The axon of the first neuron in the spinothalamic pathway forms a synapse with the second neuron at the base of the posterior horn in the spinal cord.
The axon of the first neuron in the spinothalamic pathway forms a synapse with the second neuron at the base of the posterior horn in the spinal cord.
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The axon of the second neuron in the spinothalamic pathway enters the lateral funiculus of the opposite side of the spinal cord and goes upward along with similar fibers that entered below.
The axon of the second neuron in the spinothalamic pathway enters the lateral funiculus of the opposite side of the spinal cord and goes upward along with similar fibers that entered below.
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The spinothalamic tract ends in the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus.
The spinothalamic tract ends in the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus.
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The axons of the third neuron in the spinothalamic pathway, located in the thalamus, are sent to the postcentral gyrus and superior parietal lobule via the thalamo-cortical pathway.
The axons of the third neuron in the spinothalamic pathway, located in the thalamus, are sent to the postcentral gyrus and superior parietal lobule via the thalamo-cortical pathway.
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The first neuron in the pathway of deep sensitivity is located in the spinal ganglion.
The first neuron in the pathway of deep sensitivity is located in the spinal ganglion.
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The axons of the second neuron in the pathway of deep sensitivity end in the nuclei of the same name in the medulla oblongata.
The axons of the second neuron in the pathway of deep sensitivity end in the nuclei of the same name in the medulla oblongata.
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The third neuron in the pathway of deep sensitivity is located in the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus and its axon reaches the postcentral gyrus and the superior parietal lobule.
The third neuron in the pathway of deep sensitivity is located in the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus and its axon reaches the postcentral gyrus and the superior parietal lobule.
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Static ataxia is primarily due to issues with the cerebellar hemispheres.
Static ataxia is primarily due to issues with the cerebellar hemispheres.
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Dynamic ataxia is primarily due to issues with the cerebellar vermis.
Dynamic ataxia is primarily due to issues with the cerebellar vermis.
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The cerebellum is involved in the regulation of muscle tone and body balance.
The cerebellum is involved in the regulation of muscle tone and body balance.
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The cerebellar vermis is primarily involved in the regulation of the muscles of the body, while the cerebellar hemispheres are primarily involved in the regulation of the distal extremities.
The cerebellar vermis is primarily involved in the regulation of the muscles of the body, while the cerebellar hemispheres are primarily involved in the regulation of the distal extremities.
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The cerebellar hemispheres receive sensitive information from the same side of the body and coordinate the movements on that same side.
The cerebellar hemispheres receive sensitive information from the same side of the body and coordinate the movements on that same side.
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Cerebellar disorders are observed on the opposite side of the body from the affected hemisphere of the cerebellum.
Cerebellar disorders are observed on the opposite side of the body from the affected hemisphere of the cerebellum.
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Cerebellar disorders are observed on the same side of the body as the affected hemisphere of the brain.
Cerebellar disorders are observed on the same side of the body as the affected hemisphere of the brain.
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Astereognosia is caused by a loss of proprioceptive sensitivity in the hand.
Astereognosia is caused by a loss of proprioceptive sensitivity in the hand.
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Secondary astereognosia is due to a loss of musculo-articular and tactile sensitivity.
Secondary astereognosia is due to a loss of musculo-articular and tactile sensitivity.
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Study Notes
Neurological and Neurosurgical Methodology
- Topic: Sensitivity and its disorders
- Time: 6 hours
- Author: N.N. Usova and E.V. Serebrova
- Target: Teaching students the basics of topical diagnosis of nervous system lesions with sensory disturbances and cerebellum pathology, methods for studying sensitivity, and differentiation of ataxia.
- Tasks: Students must understand anatomical and physiological principles of the human sensitive sphere, the methodology for studying surface and deep muscle feeling, principles of topical diagnosis of various conduction pathway lesions, cerebellar structure and connections, different types of ataxia, and syndromes of hemispheric and cerebellar vermis damage. Students should also be proficient in the methods of questioning and examining patients with sensory disorders and cerebellar issues.
Scientific and Methodological Substantiation
- Sensory Function: Crucial for bodily function and diagnosis. Essential knowledge for diagnosis and correct treatment.
- Cerebellar Function: Necessary for voluntary and involuntary movements. Damage to the cerebellum affects muscle tone, and coordination.
- Diagnostic Targets: Topical diagnosis of nervous system lesions and cerebellar disorders, sensitivity studies, and ataxia differentiation.
Sensory Function Study Tasks
- Surface and Deep Sensations: Students should understand the methodology for testing surface (pain, temperature, tactile) and deep (muscle, vibration) sensations.
- Conduction Pathway Structure: Understanding the different conduction pathways for various sensory types is key for accurate diagnosis.
- Cerebellar Structure and Connections: Understanding the structure and connections of the cerebellum is important for differentiating cerebellar disorders.
- Types of Ataxia: Knowing the different types of ataxia (e.g., static, dynamic, etc.) is important for diagnosis, as ataxia is often associated with cerebellar issues.
- Examination Methods: Students must master techniques for examining patients with sensory disorders, neurological conditions, cerebellar impairments.
Questions for Self-Study
- Sensory Pathways: Definition, anatomy, and pathways involved in superficial and deep sensory reception.
- Sensory Disorders: Methodology, types (peripheral, spinal, cerebral), and identification techniques.
- Sensory System Types: Distinction between different types of sensory disorders (e.g., peripheral, spinal, cerebral).
- Symptoms of Sensory Disorders: Understanding symptoms of different sensory disorders.
- Sensitivity and Cerebellar Pathology: Questions regarding the examination, methodology, and symptoms of sensitivity disorders and cerebellar problems.
Additional Study Points
- Symptoms of Tension: Understanding clinical signs of tension (e.g., Lasegue, Matskevich, Wasserman).
- Cerebellar Anatomy and Functions: Complete understanding of the cerebellum's structure and function is important.
- Didactic Tools: Various tools for organizing student work (e.g., working programs, practical manuals, and models).
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Description
This quiz focuses on the methodology and diagnosis of sensitivity disorders related to the nervous system. It covers essential concepts including anatomical and physiological principles, and methods for examining patients with sensory disturbances and cerebellar issues. Understanding ataxia and its syndromes is also a key component of this assessment.
