Sensibilidad Somática y Percepción

The process where sensory receptors convert stimuli into electrical signals sent to the brain.

The ability of a receptor to change its response to a sustained stimulus.

Receptors that signal the brain continuously about the body's state and environment.

Chemical messengers secreted by glands that regulate bodily functions.

The system of glands that controls bodily functions using hormones.

Control energy use, reproduction, and blood levels of liquids, salt, and sugar.

Hormones are produced in small amounts, released into the bloodstream, and affect distant parts of the body.

Hormones exert effects by binding to receptors or entering cells. Their effectiveness depends on their concentration.

Maintains constant blood glucose levels despite variations in food intake.

Tiroxina and triyodotironina. These increase metabolic rate and impact various bodily functions.

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol, a stress response hormone.

Regulates body fluid levels and involved in bonding.

Stimulates breast growth and milk production in females and impacts ovary hormones.

Stimulates bone growth, primarily during development.

Influences the body's sleep-wake cycle (circadian rhythm).

Increases metabolic rate, heart rate, and brain development, among other effects.

Melatonin secretion, induced by serotonin, increases as light decreases, promoting sleep.

The pineal gland regulates puberty by influencing the gonads; it can either inhibit or stimulate their function.

Hormones secreted by cells in the anterior pituitary gland, essential for the production and development of the gonads (ovaries and testes).

Pituitary gonadotropins that stimulate egg production (FSH) and ovulation/testosterone production (LH).

Hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH.

A mechanism where a product of a process inhibits the process itself.

A rarer mechanism in which a product of the process accelerates the production of the stimulus.

Produced by ovaries. Crucial for female reproductive processes and characteristics.

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HHS) axis is activated by perceived threats, often psychological, and leads to a cascade of hormonal responses.

Corticosteroids, like cortisol, impact the emotional centers, increase blood sugar and metabolism, and reduce protein synthesis.

A regulatory mechanism where the HHS axis turns off once the stressor is gone, preventing harmful over-activation.

Constant activation of the HHS axis, often in modern life, can cause negative health effects, including high blood glucose.

Hormones influence the immune system and susceptibility to illness, impacting its ability to defend against pathogens.

The sympathetic nervous system activates immune organs containing white blood cells.

The immune system activity increases during urgent situations.

The HHS axis's response mechanism, developed in evolutionary terms, doesn't always adapt well to modern stressors, making it prone to overactivation.

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) elicits responses, such as pupil dilation and increased heart rate, to prepare the body for action.

The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) counteracts the sympathetic system, promoting 'rest and digest' functions like pupil constriction and decreased heart rate.

The study of interactions between the nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system, and their impact on mental health.

Hormonal responses to stress are adaptive strategies to threats. Diverse individuals have different stress thresholds.

Persistent stress arises when aversive stimuli are difficult to avoid, activating the nervous system.

The HPA axis is a vital stress response system that releases corticosteroids, increasing blood sugar and metabolism.

Excessive cortisol can negatively impact physical and mental well-being, manifesting as fatigue, pain, poor concentration, cognitive difficulties, mood disturbances, and sleep problems.

Excessive HPA activity, driven by hypothalamic neurons, is a significant endocrinological dysfunction potentially observed in various mental health conditions.

A biological response to a potential infection, which is influenced by the neuroendocrine and immune systems.

Chronic activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis, a major endocrine system.

Changes in the immune system's response due to stress hormones (like cortisol).

Prolonged stress can lead to a weakened immune response.

Reciprocal influence between the nervous system and the endocrine system.

Corticosteroids influence brain circuits involved in psychological functions like anxiety.

The endocrine system is vital for development, influencing mental function and behavior by signaling.

Hormones act as chemical messengers, regulating growth, reproduction, metabolism, and organ activity.