Sensation vs. Perception

Sensation is the detection of physical stimuli through sensory organs, while perception is the brain's interpretation of these sensory inputs.

Transduction is the conversion of physical energy from stimuli, such as light or sound, into neural signals that can be interpreted by the brain.

The six senses are vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell, and proprioception. Vision enables sight by detecting light, color, and movement.

<p>Sensory receptors are specialized cells that detect specific stimuli in the environment and convert these signals into neural signals for the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory adaptation is the process by which receptors become less sensitive to constant stimuli. An example is becoming used to the smell of a strong perfume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The olfactory bulbs send signals to the brain's limbic system, which is involved in processing emotions and memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stress-induced analgesia is a mechanism that reduces pain perception during high stress, such as when adrenaline temporarily blocks pain signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reflexes are automatic responses to stimuli, such as blinking when something approaches the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instincts are inborn and complex behaviors driven by survival, while learned behaviors are acquired through experience, practice, or observation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main processes are encoding, storage, and retrieval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Associative learning involves forming connections between two stimuli or a behavior and its consequence, whereas non-associative learning pertains to changes in response to a single stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pavlov's classical conditioning demonstrated that dogs could learn to associate a bell (neutral stimulus) with food, resulting in salivation (conditioned response) when hearing the bell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Declarative memory includes explicit memories like facts and personal experiences, while non-declarative memory includes implicit memories like motor skills and conditioned responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive reinforcement involves adding a reward to increase behavior, while negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus to also increase behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Big Five traits are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children observed adults interacting aggressively with a Bobo doll and subsequently exhibited similar aggressive behaviors themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Freud's Iceberg Model divides the psyche into the id, ego, and superego, representing instincts, reality, and morality respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a pyramid structure that categorizes human needs from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions are temporary, intense feelings, while moods are long-lasting and less intense states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The DSM-V provides standardized criteria for diagnosing mental health disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amygdala is crucial for processing emotions, particularly fear, and influences how individuals react to emotionally charged situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and mood disorders include depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main stages of memory include encoding, storage, and retrieval, all of which are affected by emotional experiences linked to the hippocampus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary focus of humanistic therapy is to help individuals achieve self-actualization and personal growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers