Sensation
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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to the detection of physical energy by the sensory organs?

  • Perception
  • Sensation (correct)
  • Transduction
  • Illusion
  • What is the process by which the nervous system converts an external energy into excitation or inhibition of neurons in the brain?

  • Perception
  • Transduction (correct)
  • Illusion
  • Sensation
  • What is the brain's interpretation of raw sensory information called?

  • Illusion
  • Perception (correct)
  • Sensation
  • Transduction
  • What happens when perception does not match reality?

    <p>Illusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a specialized cell that transduces a specific stimulus called?

    <p>Sense receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the activation of our senses greatest when we first detect the stimulus?

    <p>Sensory adaption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of physical stimuli and their interactions with our sensory systems called?

    <p>Psychophysics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the weakening of the response to a stimulus after the initial activation?

    <p>Sensory adaption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the brain's interpretation of raw sensory information that does not match reality?

    <p>Illusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the activation of our senses when we first detect a stimulus?

    <p>Sense receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the ear converts vibration into neural activity?

    <p>Inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for hearing loss caused by something that stops sound from getting through the outer or middle ear?

    <p>Conductive hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for hearing loss caused by damaged hair cells?

    <p>Nerve-induced hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory explains that specific locations along the basilar membrane match specific tones and pitches?

    <p>Place theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory explains that the rate of action potentials is related to pitch?

    <p>Frequency theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the chemical senses that are stimulated by chemicals rather than by light or sound waves?

    <p>Olfaction and gustation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many basic tastes are we sensitive to?

    <p>Five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the sense receptors in the tongue that respond to different tastes called?

    <p>Taste buds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the perception of smell and taste occur in the brain?

    <p>Orbitofrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for our kinesthetic sense that helps us keep track of our location and movement?

    <p>Proprioception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that our perception of color is based on three primary colors: blue, green, and red?

    <p>Trichromatic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lowest level of a stimulus that we can detect at above chance performance?

    <p>Absolute threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the smallest change in intensity of a stimulus that we can detect?

    <p>Just noticeable difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory views attention as a bottleneck through which only the most important information passes?

    <p>Filter theory of attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the failure to detect stimuli that are in plain sight when our attention is focused elsewhere?

    <p>Inattentional blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory proposes a constant proportional relationship between the just noticeable difference (JND) and stimulus intensity?

    <p>Weber's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition where people experience a cross-model sensation, like hearing sound when they see colors?

    <p>Synesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that we perceive color as either red vs. yellow, blue vs. yellow, or black vs. white?

    <p>Opponent process theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for our ability to detect important information in a noisy place, such as hearing our names in a conversation that doesn't involve us?

    <p>Cocktail party effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to see, which can result from various visual impairments?

    <p>Blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did phrenologists assess the brain in the practice of phrenology?

    <p>By examining the bumps on the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did phrenologists associate with the bumps on the skull?

    <p>Personality traits and abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the practice of phrenology?

    <p>It was proven to be false</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are neuropsychology tests used for?

    <p>To test cognitive functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be considered when designing neuropsychology tests?

    <p>Influences of language and culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context are neuropsychology tests used in animal studies?

    <p>To study behavior in animals with controlled brain lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of brain scans?

    <p>To analyze brain activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is associated with learning and memory?

    <p>Glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is inhibitory and causes a calming effect?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter influences arousal, selective attention, sleep, and memory?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is associated with brain arousal, mood, hunger, and sleep?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is involved in motor function and reward?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood, temperature regulation, aggression, and sleep cycles?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuropeptide relieves pain?

    <p>Endorphins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain imaging technique relies on magnetic fields to indirectly visualize brain structure?

    <p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brain imaging technique measures changes in blood oxygen level as an indirect correlation of neural activity?

    <p>Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain imaging technique measures changes in brain activity by examining the consumption of radioactive glucose-like molecules?

    <p>Positron emission tomography (PET)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain imaging technique applies strong and rapidly changing magnetic fields to the surface of the skull to enhance or interrupt brain functions?

    <p>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain imaging technique measures tiny magnetic fields to detect electrical activity in the brain and the rest of the nervous system?

    <p>Magnetoencephalography (MEG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the space between neurons through which neurotransmitters travel?

    <p>Synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the electrochemical impulse traveling down the membrane of a neuron that results in a neurotransmitter release?

    <p>Action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the brain is responsible for speech comprehension?

    <p>Temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is involved in movement and muscle control?

    <p>Basal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain plays a key role in fear, excitement, and arousal?

    <p>Limbic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain connects the cerebral cortex and spinal cord?

    <p>Brain stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the thick bundle of nerves that conveys signals between the brain and the body called?

    <p>Spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system controls and coordinates voluntary movement?

    <p>Somatic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is known as the 'master gland' and releases hormones that influence growth and reproductive functions?

    <p>Pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sex hormone is involved in sex drive, muscle mass, and development of secondary sex characteristics in males?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the observable expression of our genetic makeup?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

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