Sensation and Perception

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of general senses?

Information from special senses is sent to the somatic sensory cortex in the parietal lobe.

Which part of the brain processes taste?

The three components of sensory systems are sensory receptors, afferent neurons, and regions of the ______ or spinal cord.

Sensory information that reaches consciousness becomes:

All sensory information must reach consciousness to be considered sensory information.

What is the primary function of sensory receptors?

Name the two structural categories of sensory receptors.

Where does the depolarization of the neuron occur in receptor neurons?

Receptor neurons are typically visceral sensory neurons.

What happens after the threshold potential is reached in a receptor neuron?

In receptor cells, neurotransmitters are released from the ______ side of the membrane.

What type of neurons are afferent neurons in the context of receptor cells?

Receptor cells directly carry sensory information from skeletal muscle, skin, tendons, and ligaments.

What determines if a stimulus can produce an action potential?

Stronger stimuli result in an increase in action potential ______.

A stronger stimulus leads to increased neurotransmitter concentration at the synapse in the:

What is the 'all or none' principle regarding action potentials?

Action potentials are graded, meaning their intensity can vary depending on the strength of the stimulus.

Rapidly adapting (phasic) receptors respond primarily to:

______ receptors exhibit constant firing of action potentials until the stimulus ends.

Slowly adapting (tonic) receptors are responsible for detecting pressure receptors in the gluteal region.

Which of the following describes a receptive field?

What does it mean for a sensory receptor to have a specific modality?

An increased number of activated ______ endings results in an increased chance of teaching threshold potential.

Narrow receptive fields allow for:

Broad receptive fields are found in areas where high precision detection is necessary, such as the lips.

What process enhances the contrast in the perception of stimuli due to afferent neurons inhibiting other afferent neurons in adjacent overlapping receptive fields?

What is the term for the ability to determine the precise location of a stimulus due to receptive field overlap?

Match the sensory receptor found in the skin with their adaptation rate:

Which receptor is specialized for detecting vibrations and is located deep within the dermis?

Merkel corpuscles are rapid adapting receptors responsible for detecting stretch in the skin.

Which type of receptor responds to thermo-reception, nociception, and pressure?

______ are receptors that detect extreme temperatures, mechanical deformation, and specific chemicals/molecules.

Why is the processing of signals from nociceptors generally slow?

What is 'Decussation'?

Information regarding the detection of body movement and limb positions decussates at the spinal cord

All somatic sensory information travels to which regions of the brain?

The areas in the body that contain more receptive fields, occupy more space within the ______.

Which lobe of the brain contains the somatic sensory cortex?

Which of the following statements accurately describes how stimulus intensity is encoded by receptor neurons?

The intensity of a stimulus will decrease both the rate of action potentials and neurotransmitter release at the axon terminal.

How does lateral inhibition contribute to the precise detection of a stimulus?

Sensory information regarding body movement, limb positions, touch, and pressure crosses to the opposite side of the central nervous system at the ______ .

Match the type of sensory receptor with its function:

Sensory information always reaches consciousness.

What are the two structural categories of sensory receptors?

In receptor neurons, receptors in the membrane allow for the ________ of the neuron.

Match the following special senses with the brain lobe that primarily processes them:

What is the primary function of sensory receptors in the sensory system?

Perception is simply the detection of a stimulus by a sensory receptor; it does not involve awareness or interpretation.

What is the main difference between receptor neurons and receptor cells in terms of their function?

When a threshold potential is reached in receptor cells, an action potential is produced and ________ are released from the opposing side of the membrane.

Match the following lobes of the brain with the senses they primarily process:

Which of the following BEST describes the role of afferent neurons in sensory systems?

A weak stimulus will always depolarize the membrane to threshold potential, resulting in an action potential.

How does the intensity of a stimulus affect the frequency of action potentials?

Increased frequency of action potential leads to increase in ________ released at the axon terminal.

Match the receptor type with its adaptation behavior:

What is the 'receptive field' of a sensory neuron?

A single peripheral ending is always activated in receptive fields.

Give an example of a body area that would have narrow receptive fields, and explain why.

Receptive fields that carry information from a larger or broader region are ________ precise.

Match the following receptive field characteristics with their associated body areas:

What is the term for the increased number of activated peripheral endings resulting in an increased chance of teaching threshold potential?

Localization refers to receptive fields where stimulus primarily causes the lowest frequency of action potentials, enhancing the location detection.

__________ is when neurons inhibit other afferent neurons that are carrying information from adjacent overlapping receptive fields.

Match the following skin receptors with their primary function:

Which type of receptor is responsible for detecting vibrations?

Meissner corpuscles are slow adapting receptors, ideal for detecting sustained pressure.

What type of information is free nerve endings responsible for?

Merkel corpuscles are slow adapting receptors that are responsible for detecting _________ and _________ .

Detecting extremes temperatures, mechanical deformation, and specific chemicals/molecules is the function of _________.

What is the main characteristic of nociceptors regarding myelination?

Perception of pain is not related to action of nociceptors.

What function do membrane receptors provide to thermoreceptors?

__________ on membrane receptors produces varying frequencies of action potentials that allow for us to perceive temperature.

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to sensory neural pathways, in contrast to other neural pathways?

All somatic sensory information travels directly to the somatic sensory cortex without passing through the thalamus.

What is 'decussation' in the context of sensory neural pathways?

Information regarding pain and temperature decussates at the _________.

Where is the somatic sensory cortex located?

All parts of the body are equally represented in the somatic sensory cortex.

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus modality?

The process where sensory information crosses from one side of the central nervous system to the other is called ______.

In sensory perception, what is the most direct effect of a stronger stimulus intensity?